ti-
Page categories
Chichewa
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ti/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-
Prefix
ti-
- 1st person plural subject concord, we.
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-
Prefix
ti-
- Class 13 noun prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning.
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Inherited from Proto-Bantu *tʊ́-
Prefix
ti-
- Class 13 subject concord.
Classical Nahuatl
Alternative forms
- t- (before vowels)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ti/ (before consonants)
- IPA(key): /t/ (before vowels)
Prefix
ti-
- Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is first person plural: we.
- Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is second person singular: you; thou.
Usage notes
- If used to denote the (first person) plural, then the prefixed verb should also be suffixed with -h.
Related terms
Esperanto
Etymology
Demonstratives of European languages in t, such as English (this, that, there, thus, then), French (tel, tant), Polish (ten), Russian (те, то, так, там, такой, тогда). Note also German (dies, den).
Prefix
ti-
- this-, that-. (Demonstrative correlative prefix.)
Usage notes
By itself, the ti- words do not specify distance, as is the case with French ce. However, the absence of the particle ĉi, which indicates proximity, may suggest greater distance than ĉi would be used for. That is, tiu ĉi (this one) is equivalent to French celui-ci, while tiu (that one) is equivalent to both celui and celui-là. Occasionally the particle for is used (tiu for) for celui-là.
Derived terms
Old Saxon
Prefix
ti-
- alternative form of te-
Phuthi
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.
Prefix
ti-
- Class 8 noun prefix.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.
Prefix
ti-
- they; class 8 subject concord.
- them; class 8 object concord.
- they; class 10 subject concord.
- them; class 10 object concord.
Etymology 3
From Proto-Nguni [Term?].
Prefix
ti-
- Class 10 noun prefix.
Pipil
Pronunciation
- (Standard) IPA(key): /ti/
Prefix
ti-
- (personal) you, second-person singular subject marker.
- (personal) we, first-person plural subject marker.
See also
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ni- | ti- | ||
| 2nd person | ti- (shi-) | an- (shi-) | ||
| 3rd person | - | - | ||
- taja (personal pronoun)
- metz- (object marker)
- tejemet (personal pronoun)
- tech- (object marker)
- -t (plural verb suffix)
Swazi
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.
Prefix
ti-
- Class 8 noun prefix.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.
Prefix
ti-
- they; class 8 subject concord.
- them; class 8 object concord.
- they; class 10 subject concord.
- them; class 10 object concord.
Taos
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ti/
Prefix
ti-
- (transitive) First person singular subject + third person singular object.
Tumbuka
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Bantu *tʊ̀-
Prefix
ti-
- 1st person plural subject concord, we.
Uneapa
Etymology
From earlier *tina- via haplology from *tina-na > ti-na, from Proto-Oceanic *tina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tina, from Proto-Austronesian *ta-ina, from *ina.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ti/
Noun
ti-
Further reading
- Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 366
- Johnston, R.L. 1982. "Proto-Kimbe and the New Guinea Oceanic hypothesis". In Halim, A., Carrington, L. and Wurm, S.A. editors. Papers from the Third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, Vol. 1: Currents in Oceanic, 59-95.
West Makian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t̪i/
Pronoun
ti-
- first-person singular possessive prefix, my
See also
| independent | possessive prefix | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | de | ti | |
| 2nd person singular | ni | ni | |
| 3rd person singular | me | mVan., dVinan. | |
| 1st person plural | inclusive | ene | nV |
| exclusive | imi | mi | |
| 2nd person plural | ini | fi | |
| 3rd person plural | eme | di | |
V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun,
following standard West Makian vowel harmony.
References
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[1], Pacific linguistics
Ye'kwana
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ti-]
Prefix
ti-
- Allomorph of t- used for stems that begin with a consonant other than w and have a first vowel i.
Inflection
| pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
| first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 | w-, wi- | |||||||
| first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki-1 | |||||||
| second person | amödö | ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- | m-, mi- | |||||||
| first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | |||||
| third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
| distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
| coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
| reciprocal | — | — | öö- | |||||||
| ||||||||||
| series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
|---|---|
| first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
| first person dual exclusive > second person | |
| second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
| second person > first person dual exclusive | |
| third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |