Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-toshea (infinitive kutoshea)
- Applicative form of -tosha
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -toshea
|
| Positive present
|
-natoshea
|
| Subjunctive
|
-toshee
|
| Negative
|
-toshei
|
| Imperative singular
|
toshea
|
|
| Infinitives
|
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
toshea
|
| Plural
|
tosheeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
hutoshea
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -litoshea
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kutoshea
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -natoshea)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninatoshea/natoshea
|
tunatoshea
|
| 2nd person
|
unatoshea
|
mnatoshea
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anatoshea
|
wanatoshea
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -natoshea
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -toshei)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sitoshei
|
hatutoshei
|
| 2nd person
|
hutoshei
|
hamtoshei
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hatoshei
|
hawatoshei
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -toshei
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tatoshea
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tatoshea
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -toshee)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nitoshee
|
tutoshee
|
| 2nd person
|
utoshee
|
mtoshee
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atoshee
|
watoshee
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -toshee
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sitoshee
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngetoshea
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singetoshea
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalitoshea
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalitoshea
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -atoshea)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
natoshea
|
twatoshea
|
| 2nd person
|
watoshea
|
mwatoshea
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
atoshea
|
watoshea
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
watoshea
|
yatoshea
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
latoshea
|
yatoshea
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chatoshea
|
vyatoshea
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yatoshea
|
zatoshea
|
| u(XI)
|
watoshea
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwatoshea
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
patoshea
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwatoshea
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -metoshea
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshatoshea
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jatoshea
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kitoshea
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipotoshea
|
| Consecutive
|
katoshea / positive subject concord + -katoshea
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -katoshee
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nitoshea
|
-tutoshea
|
| 2nd person
|
-kutoshea
|
-watoshea/-kutosheeni/-watosheeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mtoshea
|
-watoshea
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-utoshea
|
-itoshea
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-litoshea
|
-yatoshea
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kitoshea
|
-vitoshea
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-itoshea
|
-zitoshea
|
| u(XI)
|
-utoshea
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kutoshea
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-patoshea
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mutoshea
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jitoshea
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -toshea- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-tosheaye
|
-tosheao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-tosheao
|
-tosheayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-toshealo
|
-tosheayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-tosheacho
|
-tosheavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-tosheayo
|
-tosheazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-tosheao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-tosheako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-tosheapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-tosheamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -toshea)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yetoshea
|
-otoshea
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-otoshea
|
-yotoshea
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lotoshea
|
-yotoshea
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chotoshea
|
-vyotoshea
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yotoshea
|
-zotoshea
|
| u(XI)
|
-otoshea
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kotoshea
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-potoshea
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-motoshea
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
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