ugûyká
Old Tupi
Etymology
From ugûy (“blood”) + ká (“to break”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [uˌwɨˈka]
- Rhymes: -a
- Hyphenation: u‧gûy‧ká
Verb
ugûyká (first-person singular active indicative asugûyká, first-person singular negative active indicative n'asugûykáî, noun ugûyká) (transitive)
- to deflower (to take away the sexual virginity of someone, especially a woman or girl)
- Synonym: mombuk
- 1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter 7, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], 1 edition, Livro Sexto do Confessionário [… ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 103v:
- Ereçuguîcape cunhã taim amô? cemimotára rupipe, coipô y popî atãbápe?
- [Eresugûykápe kunhataĩ amõ? Semimotara rupipe koîpó i popyatãmbápe?]
- Did you deflower any girl? According to her will or did she resist completely?
- 1686 [1618], Antônio de Araújo, chapter 6, in Bartolomeu de Leão, editor, Cateciſmo Braſilico da Doutrina Chriſtãa [Brazilian Catechism of the Christian Doctrine], 2 edition, Cateciſmo […] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Miguel Deslandes, page 106:
- Oiaby etépe aipóbäé cunhãtäĩ ruguycaçâra?
- [Oîabyetépe aîpoba'e kunhataĩ rugûykasara?]
- Do those who deflower girls transgress this a lot?
Conjugation
Conjugation of ugûyká (transitive, pluriform, oral vowel ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)
Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.
| Causative | ugûykaukar | |||||
| Causative-comitative | erougûyká | |||||
| Reflexive | îeugûyká | |||||
| Deverbals | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -ba'e | osugûykaba'e | |||||
| emi- | emiugûyká / miugûyká | |||||
| -pyr(a) | sugûykapyra | |||||
| -sab(a) | ugûykasaba | |||||
| -sar(a) | ugûykasara | |||||
| Singular | Singular & Plural | Plural | ||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person exclusive | 1st person inclusive | 2nd person | |
| Verbal forms | ||||||
| Active | ||||||
| Indicative | asugûyká | eresugûyká | osugûyká | orosugûyká | îasugûyká | pesugûyká |
| Permissive | t'asugûyká | t'eresugûyká | t'osugûyká | t'orosugûyká | t'îasugûyká | ta pesugûyká |
| Imperative | esugûyká | pesugûyká | ||||
| Negative indicative | n'asugûykáî | n'eresugûykáî | n'osugûykáî | n'orosugûykáî | n'îasugûykáî | na pesugûykáî |
| Negative permissive | t'asugûyká umẽ | t'eresugûyká umẽ | t'osugûyká umẽ | t'orosugûyká umẽ | t'îasugûyká umẽ | ta pesugûyká umẽ |
| Negative imperative | esugûyká umẽ | pesugûyká umẽ | ||||
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Affirmative | ugûyká | |||||
| Negative | ugûykae'yma | |||||
| Gerund | ||||||
| Affirmative | xe rugûykábo | nde rugûykábo | sugûykábo | oré rugûykábo | îandé rugûykábo | pe rugûykábo |
| Negative | xe rugûykae'yma | nde rugûykae'yma | sugûykae'yma | oré rugûykae'yma | îandé rugûykae'yma | pe rugûykae'yma |
| Circumstantial | ||||||
| Affirmative | xe rugûykáû | sugûykáû | oré rugûykáû | îandé rugûykáû | ||
| Negative | xe rugûykae'ymi | sugûykae'ymi | oré rugûykae'ymi | îandé rugûykae'ymi | ||
References
- Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “ugûyká”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: The Classical Indigenous Language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 495, column 1