Swahili
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Bantu [Term?].
Pronunciation
Verb
-vunja (infinitive kuvunja)
- to break, demolish, damage, smash
- kuvunja ahadi ― to break a promise
- kuvunja rekodi ― to break a record
- to frustrate, discourage, disappoint
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -vunja
|
| Positive present
|
-navunja
|
| Subjunctive
|
-vunje
|
| Negative
|
-vunji
|
| Imperative singular
|
vunja
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuvunja
|
| Negative
|
kutovunja
|
|
| Imperatives
|
| Singular
|
vunja
|
| Plural
|
vunjeni
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huvunja
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -livunja
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuvunja
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -navunja)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninavunja/navunja
|
tunavunja
|
| 2nd person
|
unavunja
|
mnavunja
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anavunja
|
wanavunja
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -navunja
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -vunji)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
sivunji
|
hatuvunji
|
| 2nd person
|
huvunji
|
hamvunji
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
havunji
|
hawavunji
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -vunji
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tavunja
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tavunja
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -vunje)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nivunje
|
tuvunje
|
| 2nd person
|
uvunje
|
mvunje
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
avunje
|
wavunje
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -vunje
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -sivunje
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngevunja
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singevunja
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngalivunja
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singalivunja
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -avunja)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
navunja
|
twavunja
|
| 2nd person
|
wavunja
|
mwavunja
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
avunja
|
wavunja
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wavunja
|
yavunja
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lavunja
|
yavunja
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chavunja
|
vyavunja
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yavunja
|
zavunja
|
| u(XI)
|
wavunja
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwavunja
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pavunja
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwavunja
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mevunja
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshavunja
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -javunja
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kivunja
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipovunja
|
| Consecutive
|
kavunja / positive subject concord + -kavunja
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kavunje
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-nivunja
|
-tuvunja
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuvunja
|
-wavunja/-kuvunjeni/-wavunjeni
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-mvunja
|
-wavunja
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uvunja
|
-ivunja
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-livunja
|
-yavunja
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kivunja
|
-vivunja
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-ivunja
|
-zivunja
|
| u(XI)
|
-uvunja
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuvunja
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pavunja
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muvunja
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jivunja
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -vunja- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-vunjaye
|
-vunjao
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-vunjao
|
-vunjayo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-vunjalo
|
-vunjayo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-vunjacho
|
-vunjavyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-vunjayo
|
-vunjazo
|
| u(XI)
|
-vunjao
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-vunjako
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-vunjapo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-vunjamo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -vunja)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yevunja
|
-ovunja
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-ovunja
|
-yovunja
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lovunja
|
-yovunja
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chovunja
|
-vyovunja
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yovunja
|
-zovunja
|
| u(XI)
|
-ovunja
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kovunja
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-povunja
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-movunja
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms