Egyptian
Etymology
Compare wꜥ (“one, alone”), either the source of the verb or a derivation of it.
Pronunciation
Verb
3ae inf.
- (intransitive) to be(come) alone, to be(come) the sole or only one
c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE,
Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 41–45:
- jr.n.j ḫmtw hrw wꜥ.kw jb.j m snnw.j sḏr.kw m ẖnw n(j) kꜣp n(j) ḫt qnj.n.j šwyt
- I spent three days alone, my heart my only companion (literally, “my second”), lying inside a shelter of wood, having embraced the shadows.
Inflection
Conjugation of wꜥj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: wꜥ
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
wꜥt, wꜥj
|
wꜥw, wꜥ
|
wꜥt, wꜥwt, wꜥyt
|
wꜥ
|
wꜥ, wꜥy
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
wꜥ8
|
ḥr wꜥt, ḥr wꜥj
|
m wꜥt, m wꜥj
|
r wꜥt, r wꜥj
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
| perfect
|
wꜥ.n
|
consecutive
|
wꜥ.jn
|
| terminative
|
wꜥt, wꜥyt
|
| perfective3
|
wꜥ
|
obligative1
|
wꜥ.ḫr
|
| imperfective
|
wꜥ, wꜥy
|
| prospective3
|
wꜥw, wꜥ, wꜥy
|
potentialis1
|
wꜥ.kꜣ
|
| subjunctive
|
wꜥ, wꜥy
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
wꜥ.n
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
wꜥw1, wꜥy, wꜥ
|
wꜥ
|
wꜥy, wꜥ
|
| imperfective
|
wꜥ, wꜥy, wꜥw5
|
wꜥ, wꜥj6, wꜥy6
|
wꜥ, wꜥw5
|
| prospective
|
wꜥw1, wꜥy, wꜥ, wꜥtj7
|
wꜥwtj1 4, wꜥtj4, wꜥt4
|
1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.
8 Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.
|
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 219.