Swahili
Etymology
Borrowed from Arabic وَحَى (waḥā).[1]
Pronunciation
Verb
-wahi (infinitive kuwahi)
- to arrive; be prompt
- to get a chance to
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -wahi
|
| Positive present
|
-nawahi
|
| Subjunctive
|
-wahi
|
| Negative
|
-wahi
|
| Imperative singular
|
wahi
|
|
| Infinitives
|
| Positive
|
kuwahi
|
| Negative
|
kutowahi
|
|
| Imperatives
|
|
|
| Tensed forms
|
| Habitual
|
huwahi
|
| Positive past
|
positive subject concord + -liwahi
|
| Negative past
|
negative subject concord + -kuwahi
|
|
| Positive present (positive subject concord + -nawahi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
ninawahi/nawahi
|
tunawahi
|
| 2nd person
|
unawahi
|
mnawahi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
anawahi
|
wanawahi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -nawahi
|
|
| Negative present (negative subject concord + -wahi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
siwahi
|
hatuwahi
|
| 2nd person
|
huwahi
|
hamuwahi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
hawahi
|
hawawahi
|
| other classes
|
negative subject concord + -wahi
|
|
| Positive future
|
positive subject concord + -tawahi
|
| Negative future
|
negative subject concord + -tawahi
|
|
| Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -wahi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
niwahi
|
tuwahi
|
| 2nd person
|
uwahi
|
muwahi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
awahi
|
wawahi
|
| other classes
|
positive subject concord + -wahi
|
|
| Negative subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -siwahi
|
| Positive present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngewahi
|
| Negative present conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singewahi
|
| Positive past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -ngaliwahi
|
| Negative past conditional
|
positive subject concord + -singaliwahi
|
|
| Gnomic (positive subject concord + -awahi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
nawahi
|
twawahi
|
| 2nd person
|
wawahi
|
mwawahi
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
awahi
|
wawahi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
wawahi
|
yawahi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
lawahi
|
yawahi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
chawahi
|
vyawahi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
yawahi
|
zawahi
|
| u(XI)
|
wawahi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
kwawahi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
pawahi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
mwawahi
|
|
|
| Perfect
|
positive subject concord + -mewahi
|
| "Already"
|
positive subject concord + -meshawahi
|
| "Not yet"
|
negative subject concord + -jawahi
|
| "If/When"
|
positive subject concord + -kiwahi
|
| "If not"
|
positive subject concord + -sipowahi
|
| Consecutive
|
kawahi / positive subject concord + -kawahi
|
| Consecutive subjunctive
|
positive subject concord + -kawahi
|
|
| Object concord (indicative positive)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| 1st person
|
-niwahi
|
-tuwahi
|
| 2nd person
|
-kuwahi
|
-wawahi/-kuwahini/-wawahini
|
| 3rd person
|
m-wa(I/II)
|
-muwahi
|
-wawahi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-uwahi
|
-iwahi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-liwahi
|
-yawahi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-kiwahi
|
-viwahi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-iwahi
|
-ziwahi
|
| u(XI)
|
-uwahi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kuwahi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-pawahi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-muwahi
|
|
| Reflexive
|
-jiwahi
|
|
| Relative forms
|
| General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -wahi- + relative marker)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-wahiye
|
-wahio
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-wahio
|
-wahiyo
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-wahilo
|
-wahiyo
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-wahicho
|
-wahivyo
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-wahiyo
|
-wahizo
|
| u(XI)
|
-wahio
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-wahiko
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-wahipo
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-wahimo
|
|
|
| Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -wahi)
|
|
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
| m-wa(I/II)
|
-yewahi
|
-owahi
|
| m-mi(III/IV)
|
-owahi
|
-yowahi
|
| ji-ma(V/VI)
|
-lowahi
|
-yowahi
|
| ki-vi(VII/VIII)
|
-chowahi
|
-vyowahi
|
| n(IX/X)
|
-yowahi
|
-zowahi
|
| u(XI)
|
-owahi
|
see n(X) or ma(VI) class
|
| ku(XV/XVII)
|
-kowahi
|
|
| pa(XVI)
|
-powahi
|
|
| mu(XVIII)
|
-mowahi
|
|
|
|
| Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.
|
Derived terms
References
- ^ Baldi, Sergio (30 November 2020) Dictionary of Arabic Loanwords in the Languages of Central and East Africa (Handbuch der Orientalistik; Erste Abteilung: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten; 145), Leiden • Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 302 Nr. 2898