ymestyn

Welsh

Etymology

From ym- +‎ estyn (“to extend, to stretch”).

Pronunciation

  • (North Wales) IPA(key): /əˈmɛsdɨ̞n/, [əˈmɛstɨ̞n]
  • (South Wales) IPA(key): /əˈmɛsdɪn/, [əˈmɛstɪn]
  • Rhymes: -ɛsdɨ̞n

Verb

ymestyn (first-person singular present ymestynnaf)

  1. (ambitransitive) to extend, to stretch, to lengthen (also figurative)
    Mae’r dydd yn ymestyn cam ceiliog.
    The daylight is gradually getting longer. (literally, "…getting longer [the length of] a cockerel’s step", referring to daylight between the winter solstice and Christmas)
    Mae angen i mi ymestyn fy nghoesau.
    I need to stretch my legs.
  2. (archaeology) to advance, to expand

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future ymestynnaf ymestynni ymestyn, ymestynna ymestynnwn ymestynnwch ymestynnant ymestynnir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		ymestynnwn ymestynnit ymestynnai ymestynnem ymestynnech ymestynnent ymestynnid
preterite ymestynnais ymestynnaist ymestynnodd ymestynasom ymestynasoch ymestynasant ymestynnwyd
pluperfect ymestynaswn ymestynasit ymestynasai ymestynasem ymestynasech ymestynasent ymestynasid, ymestynesid
present subjunctive ymestynnwyf ymestynnych ymestynno ymestynnom ymestynnoch ymestynnont ymestynner
imperative — ymestyn, ymestynna ymestynned ymestynnwn ymestynnwch ymestynnent ymestynner
verbal noun ymestyn
verbal adjectives ymestynedig
ymestynadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms 		singular plural
first second third first second third
future ymestynna i,
ymestynnaf i 		ymestynni di ymestynnith o/e/hi,
ymestynniff e/hi 		ymestynnwn ni ymestynnwch chi ymestynnan nhw
conditional ymestynnwn i,
ymestynswn i 		ymestynnet ti,
ymestynset ti 		ymestynnai fo/fe/hi,
ymestynsai fo/fe/hi 		ymestynnen ni,
ymestynsen ni 		ymestynnech chi,
ymestynsech chi 		ymestynnen nhw,
ymestynsen nhw
preterite ymestynnais i,
ymestynnes i 		ymestynnaist ti,
ymestynnest ti 		ymestynnodd o/e/hi ymestynnon ni ymestynnoch chi ymestynnon nhw
imperative — ymestynna — — ymestynnwch —

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

  • ffabrig ymestyn (“stretch fabric”)
  • olion ymestyn (“stretch marks”)
  • ymestyn gorchymyn (“to extend an order”)
  • ymestyniad (“stretch, extension”)
  • ymestynnol (“stretching, extensive, extended”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of ymestyn
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
ymestyn unchanged unchanged hymestyn

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “estynnaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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