zils
English
Noun
zils
- plural of zil
Latvian
Etymology
From Proto-Baltic *žilas, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“green, yellow”), the same stem as zelts (“gold”) (q.v.) and several color terms (compare dzeltens (“yellow”), zaļš (“green”). This word must have been formed relatively late, after the differentiation of Baltic and Slavic, since, unlike “yellow” and “green”, it has no counterparts among the Slavic terms for “blue”. Cognates include Lithuanian ži̇̀las (“gray, silvery-white”).[1]
Pronunciation
Adjective
zils (definite zilais, comparative zilāks, superlative viszilākais, adverb zili)
- blue (the same (or similar) color as, e.g., a clear sky)
- zila krāsa ― blue color
- tumši, gaiši zils ― dark, light blue
- zilas acis ― blue eyes
- zili dūmi ― blue smoke
- zilais krusts ― the blue cross (veterinarian aid sign)
- blue (having a tone or hue similar to blue when compared to other, related elements)
- zilie ceriņi ― blue lilacs
Declension
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| nominative | zils | zili | zila | zilas | |
| genitive | zila | zilu | zilas | zilu | |
| dative | zilam | ziliem | zilai | zilām | |
| accusative | zilu | zilus | zilu | zilas | |
| instrumental | zilu | ziliem | zilu | zilām | |
| locative | zilā | zilos | zilā | zilās | |
| vocative | — | — | — | — | |
| masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
| nominative | zilais | zilie | zilā | zilās | |
| genitive | zilā | zilo | zilās | zilo | |
| dative | zilajam | zilajiem | zilajai | zilajām | |
| accusative | zilo | zilos | zilo | zilās | |
| instrumental | zilo | zilajiem | zilo | zilajām | |
| locative | zilajā | zilajos | zilajā | zilajās | |
| vocative | zilo, zilais | zilie | zilo, zilā | zilās | |
Derived terms
See also
| balts | pelēks | melns |
| sarkans, sārts | oranžs; brūns | dzeltens |
| zaļš | ||
| zilzaļš, ciāns | zils | |
| violets; zilganviolets, indigo | fuksīns; violets | rozā |
References
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “zils”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca [Latvian Etymological Dictionary][1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN