A brief description (from someone that knows very little about columns & historical architecture) as well as an example image is provided for some cases
Smooth surface along the shaft/trunk, with a capital that is more triangular/sharply meets the abacus
Smooth surface along the shaft/trunk, with a capital that is rounded when meeting the abacus
ancient_greek is the defaultcolumn:architecture=* value for =tuscan, when none is provided
=doric
Long indentations/ridges along the shaft/trunk, with a capital that is more triangular/sharply meets the abacus
Long indentations/ridges along the shaft/trunk, with a capital that is rounded when meeting the abacus
ancient_greek is the defaultcolumn:architecture=* value for =doric, when none is provided
=ionic
Long indentations/ridges along the shaft/trunk, with a folded spiral capital
ancient_greek is the defaultcolumn:architecture=* value for =ionic, when none is provided
=corinthian
Long indentations/ridges along the shaft/trunk, with an intricate palm leaf design as the capital
ancient_greek is the defaultcolumn:architecture=* value for =corinthian, when none is provided
=composite
Long indentations/ridges along the shaft/trunk, with an intricate palm leaf design (similar to Corinthian) topped by a folded spiral (similar to Ionic) as the capital
roman is the defaultcolumn:architecture=* value for =composite, when none is provided