Calotropis procera

Calotropis procera

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Gentianales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Apocynaceae
Subfamilia: Asclepiadoideae
Tribus: Asclepiadeae
Subtribus: Asclepiadinae
Genus: Calotropis
Species: Calotropis procera

Name

Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew. 2: 78 (1811).

Synonyms

  • Basionym
    • Asclepias procera Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 305 (1789).
  • Homotypic
    • Madorius procerus (Aiton) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 421 (1891).
    • Calotropis gigantea var. procera (Aiton) P.T.Li, J. S. China Agric. Univ. 12(3): 39 (1991).
  • Heterotypic
    • Apocynum syriacum S.G.Gmel., Reise Russland 2: 18, 257 (1774).
      • Apocynum syriacum Garsault, Fig. Pl. Méd.: 114 (1764), opus utiq. oppr.
    • Calotropis syriaca (S.G.Gmel.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 17: 148 (1930).
    • Asclepias gigantea Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 1: 1264 (1798), nom. illeg.
    • Calotropis heterophylla Wall. ex Wight, Contr. Bot. India: 54 (1834), nom. nud.
    • Calotropis hamiltonii Wight, Contr. Bot. India: 53 (1834).
      • Calotropis procera subsp. hamiltonii (Wight) Ali, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 38: 289 (1980).
    • Calotropis wallichii Wight, Contr. Bot. India: 53 (1834).
    • Asclepias patula Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 536 (1844).
    • Calotropis persica Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 59 (1918).
    • Calotropis inflexa Chiov., Atti Ist. Bot. "Giovani Briosi", ser. 4, 7: 139 (1936).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Africa
    • Regional: Northern Africa
      • Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara.
    • Regional: Macaronesia
      • Canary Islands (Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura), Cape Verde (Santo Antao, Sao Vicente, Santa Luzia, Sao Nicolau, Sal, Boa Vista, Maio, Sao Tiago, Fogo, Brava).
    • Regional: West Tropical Africa
      • Benin, Burkina, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone.
    • Regional: West-Central Tropical Africa
      • Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Gulf of Guinea Islands, Zaire.
    • Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Socotra, Somalia, Sudan.
    • Regional: East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda.
    • Regional: South Tropical Africa
      • Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
    • Regional: Southern Africa
      • Northern Provinces.
    • Regional: Western Indian Ocean
      • Comoros.
  • Continental: Asia-Temperate
    • Regional: Western Asia
      • Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai.
    • Regional: Arabian Peninsula
      • Gulf States, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
    • Regional: China
      • China South-Central, China Southeast.
  • Continental: Asia-Tropical
    • Regional: Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan.
    • Regional: Indo-China
      • Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.
  • Continental: Australasia
    • Regional: Australia
      • Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia.
  • Continental: Pacific
    • Regional: North-Central Pacific
      • Hawaii.
  • Continental: Northern America
    • Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
      • California.
    • Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Florida.
    • Regional: Mexico
      • Mexico Central, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast.
  • Continental: Southern America
    • Regional: Central America
      • Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.
    • Regional: Caribbean
      • Aruba, Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, Turks-Caicos Islands, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Islands.
    • Regional: Northern South America
      • Venezuela.
    • Regional: Western South America
      • Bolivia, Colombia.
    • Regional: Brazil
      • Brazil West-Central, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil North.
    • Regional: Southern South America
      • Argentina Northwest, Paraguay.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

  • Aiton, W.T. 1811. Hortus Kewensis; or, a Catalogue of the Plants Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew. 2nd Edn. Vol. II., iii + 432 pp. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, London. BHL Reference page. 

Vernacular names

বাংলা: ছোট আকন্দ
čeština: Plchoplod otevřený
Deutsch: Oscher
English: Apple of Sodom
suomi: Sodomanmadari
français: Pommier de Sodome
עברית: פתילת המדבר הגדולה
magyar: Szodomai alma
svenska: Gråbladig kronbuske
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