Carpinus

Carpinus betulus

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Fagales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Fagales

Familia: Betulaceae
Subfamilia: Coryloideae
Genus: Carpinus
Species: C. betulus – C. caroliniana – C. chuniana – C. cordata – C. dayongiana – C. faginea – C. fangiana – C. fargesiana – C. firmifolia – C. gigabracteatus – C. hebestroma – C. henryana – C. insularis – C. japonica – C. kawakamii – C. kweichowensis – C. langaoensis – C. laxiflora – C. lipoensis – C. londoniana – C. luochengensis – C. mengshanensis – C. microphylla – C. mollicoma – C. monbeigiana – C. omeiensis – C. orientalis – C. paohsingensis – C. polyneura – C. pubescens – C. purpurinervis – C. putoensis – C. rankanensis – C. rupestris – C. shensiensis – C. shimenensis – C. tibetana – C. tientaiensis – C. tropicalis – C. tsaiana – C. tschonoskii – C. turczaninovii – C. viminea
Fossil taxa: †C. asymmetrica – †C. perryae – †C. symmetrica
Nothospecies: C. × schuschaensis

Name

Carpinus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 998 (1753); Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 432 (1754).

Type species: Carpinus betulus L. (Lectotype designated by N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N.U.S. ed. 2. 1: 606 (1913), supported by M.L. Green, Prop. Brit. Bot. 189 (1929))

Synonyms

Homotypic
- Ostrya Hill, Brit. Herb.: 513 (1756), nom. rej. non Scop.
Heterotypic
- Distegocarpus Siebold & Zucc., Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4(3): 226 (1846).
  - Type species: Distegocarpus carpinus Siebold & Zucc.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Northern Europe
  - Denmark, Great Britain, Norway (introduced), Sweden.
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - France, Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
- Regional: Eastern Europe
  - Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, South European Russia, Ukraine.
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Russian Far East
  - Primorye.
- Regional: Caucasus
  - North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Iran, Turkey.
- Regional: China
  - China South-Central, Hainan, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, China Southeast, Tibet.
- Regional: Eastern Asia
  - Japan, Korea, Taiwan.
Continental: Asia-Tropical
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, Nepal, West Himalaya.
- Regional: Indo-China
  - Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.
Continental: Northern America
- Regional: Eastern Canada
  - Ontario, Québec.
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Oklahoma, Wisconsin.
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia.
- Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
  - Texas.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia.
- Regional: Mexico
  - Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast.
Continental: Southern America
- Regional: Central America
  - El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 998. Reference page.
Linnaeus, C. 1754. Genera Plantarum, ed. 5: 432. Reference page.

Additional references

Britton, N.L. & Brown, A. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian. ed. 2. C. Scribner's sons, New York. Vol. 1: 606. Reference page.
Hitchcock, A.S. & Green, M.L. 1929. Standard species of Linnaean genera of Phanerogamae (1753–1754). pp. 111–195. In: Sprague, T.A. (ed.): International Botanical Congress. Cambridge (England), 1930. Nomenclature. Proposals by British Botanists. His Majesty's Stationery Office, London. Biblioteca Digital Reference page.
Yaltırık, F. 1982. Carpinus. Pp. 682–685 in Davis, P.H. (ed.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 7 (Orobanchaceae to Rubiaceae). 947 pp., Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, ISBN 0-85224-396-0. Reference page.
Li, P.C. & Skvortsov, A.K. 1999. Carpinus. Pp. 289–300 in Wu, Zh.Y. & Raven, P.H. (eds.), Flora of China. Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, ISBN 0-915279-70-3. efloras PDF Reference page.
Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (translated by F.G. Meyer & E.M. Walker). 1067 pp. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. BHL Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Carpinus in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 Feb 21. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2023. Carpinus. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 21 Feb 2023.
International Plant Names Index. 2023. Carpinus. Published online. Accessed: 21 Feb 2023. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Carpinus. Accessed: 21 Feb 2023.
Farr, E.R. & Zijlstra, G. (eds.) 1996 onwards. Carpinus in Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Accessed: 2023 Feb 21.

Vernacular names

azərbaycanca: Vələs
беларуская: Граб
български: Габър
català: Carpí
čeština: Habr
dansk: Avnbøg
Deutsch: Hainbuchen
English: Hornbeam
Esperanto: Karpeno
español: Carpe
eesti: Valgepöök
فارسی: ممرز
suomi: Valkopyökit
français: Charme
hornjoserbsce: Hrab
magyar: Gyertyán
հայերեն: Բոխենի
Ido: Karpino
italiano: Càrpino
日本語: シデ
ქართული: რცხილა
한국어: 서어나무속
lietuvių: Skroblas
македонски: Габер
Nederlands: Haagbeuk
norsk: Agnbøk
polski: Grab
русский: Граб
svenska: Avenbok
Türkçe: Gürgen
中文: 鹅耳枥

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