Holometabola

Overview of ordines

Coleoptera – Diptera – Hymenoptera – Lepidoptera – "Mecoptera" – Megaloptera – Neuroptera – Raphidioptera – Siphonaptera – Strepsiptera – Trichoptera – †Permotrichoptera – †Skleroptera
[list of ordines after Grimaldi & Engel (2005: 147, table 4.1)]

Synonymy

• Metabola Burmeister, 1832
• Holometabola Burmeister, 1835
• Endopterygota Sharp, 1898

Primary references

• Sharp, D. 1898. Some points in the classification of Insecta Hexapoda. Pp. 246–249. In: Sedgwick, A. (ed.) Proceedings of the fourth International Congress of Zoology, Cambridge, 22-27 August, 1898. London: C.J. Clay and Sons. BHL.

Additional references

• Aristov, D.S. & Rasnitsyn, A.P. 2015. New insects from the Kungurian of Tshekarda fossil site in Permian Territory of Russia. Russian Entomological Journal 24(1): 17–35. DOI: 10.15298/rusentj.24.1.03 . Reference page. 
• Beutel, R.G., Friedrich, F., Hörnschemeyer, T., Pohl, H., Hünefeld, F., Beckmann, F., Meier, R., Misof, B., Whiting, M.F. & Vilhelmsen, L. 2010 (Online) 2011 (Print). Morphological and molecular evidence converge upon a robust phylogeny of the megadiverse Holometabola. Cladistics 27(4): 341–355. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00338.x . Reference page. 
• Beutel, R.G. & Pohl, H. 2006. Endopterygote systematics – where do we stand and what is the goal (Hexapoda, Arthropoda)? Systematic Entomology 31(2): 202–219. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00341.x . Reference page. 
• Grimaldi, D. & Engel, M.S. 2005. Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press, New York, USA. ISBN 978-0-521-82149-0. limited preview on Google Books. Reference page. 
• Krenn, H.W. 2007. Evidence from mouthpart structure on interordinal relationships in Endopterygota? Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 65(1): 7–14. DOI: 10.3897/asp.65.e31661 .
• Nel, A., Roques, P., Nel, P., Prokin, A.A., Bourgoin, T., Prokop, J., Szwedo, J., Azar, D., Desutter-Grandcolas, L., Wappler, T., Garrouste, R., Coty, D., Huang, D.-Y., Engel, M. & Kirejtshuk, A.G. 2013. The earliest-known holometabolous insects. Nature 503: 257–261. [14 p. Supplementary material.] DOI: 10.1038/nature12629 . Reference page. 
• Wootton, R.J. 2002. Design, function and evolution in the wings of holometabolous insects. Zoologica Scripta 31(1): 31–40. DOI: 10.1046/j.0300-3256.2001.00076.x .
• Whiting, M.F. 2002. Phylogeny of the holometabolous insect orders: molecular evidence. Zoologica Scripta 31(1): 3–15. DOI: 10.1046/j.0300-3256.2001.00093.x .
• Whiting, M.F., Carpenter, J.C., Wheeler, Q.D. & Wheeler, W.C. 1997. The Strepsiptera Problem: Phylogeny of the Holometabolous Insect Orders Inferred from 18S and 28S Ribosomal DNA Sequences and Morphology. Systematic Biology 46(1): 1–68. DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/46.1.1 . DOI: 10.2307/2413635, JSTOR . Reference page.