Hesperiinae

Overview of genera not assigned to a tribus

Genera: Acerbas –Andronymus –Carystoides –Chloeria –Cobaloides –Creteus –Evansiella –Flandria –Gangara –Ge –Hyarotis –Iambrix –Idmon –Ilma – Koruthaialos –Lepella –Lotongus –Malaza –Matapa –Megaleas –Metrocles –Oerane –Parosmodes –Pemara –Perrotia –Pirdana –Plastingia – Ploetzia –Praescobura –Prosopalpus –Pseudokerana –Pseudopirdana –Pudicitia –Pyroneura –Quedara –Salanoemia –Scobura –Stimula –Suada –Telles – Tiacellia –Tisias –Unkana –Zela

Synonymy

• Hesperides Latreille, 1807: 207.
• Hesperinae Doherty, 1886: 111.
• Suastinae Doherty, 1886: 111.
• Megathymidae Comstock & Comstock, 1895: 365.
• Aegialinae Stallings & Turner, 1958: 134.

Typus

• Hesperia Fabricius, 1793: 258.

Additional references

• Butterfly Net International, Higher Classification of Hesperiidae
• Ackery, P.R., de Jong, R. & Vane-Wright, R.I. 1999. The Butterflies: Hedyloidea, Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea. in Lepidoptera, Moths and Butterflies. 1. Evolution, Systematics and Biogeography. Handbook of Zoology 4(35): 263–300 (ed. N.P. Kristensen). Berlin: de Gruyter. Reference page. 
• Cock, M.J.W.; Congdon, T.C.E. 2013: Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 5. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dicotyledon feeders. Zootaxa 3724(1): 1–85. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3724.1.1 Reference page. 
• Cock, M.J.W.; Congdon, T.C.E.; Collins, S.C. 2014: Observations on the biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 6. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: palm feeders. Zootaxa 3831(1): 1–61. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3831.1.1 Reference page. 
• Butler, A.G. 1870. The Genera of Hesperidae in the Collection of the British Museum. The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 7: 55–58, 92–99, 265–266. Reference page. 
• Cock, M.J.W., Congdon,T.C.E. & Collins, S.C. 2015. Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Part 8. Hesperiinae incertae sedis: Dracaena Feeders. Zootaxa 3985(3): 301–348. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3985.3.1 Preview (PDF). Reference page. 
• Cong, Q., Zhang, J., Shen, J.H. & Grishin, N.V. 2019. Fifty new genera of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Insecta Mundi 0731: 1-56. Reference page. 
• Devyatkin, A.L. 2002. Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 11. New taxa of the subfamily Hesperiinae (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Atalanta 33(1/2): 127–135. Reference page. 
• Evans, W.H. 1949. A catalogue of the Hesperiidae from Europe, Asia and Australia in the British Museum (Natural History). xix+502pp., 53 pls. BMNH, London. Reference page. 
• Freeman, H.A. 1969. Records, new species, and a new genus of Hesperiidae from Mexico. Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 23(suppl. 2): 1–64. Reference page. 
• Hopffer, C. 1855. Lepidoptera Diurna. Berichte über die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der Königl. Preuss. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1855: 639–643. Reference page. 
• Larsen, T.B. 2012. Taxonomy of the Afrotropical genus Melphina Evans and the description of two new genera: Melphinyet and Noctulana (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae, incertae sedis). Tropical Lepidoptera Research 22(1): 16–23. Reference page. 
• Larsen, T.B. & Collins, S.C. 2012. Herila – a new genus to receive the Afrotropical skipper Teniorhinus herilus (Hopffer, 1855) [Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae. Entomologia Africana 17(2): 55–64. Reference page. 
• Larsen, T.B. 2013. Ceratricula and Flandria—two new genera of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Hesperiinae (incertae sedis)) for species currently placed in the genus Ceratrichia Butler. Zootaxa 3666(4): 476–488. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3666.4.4 Reference page. 
• Larsen, T.B. & Collins, S.C. 2015. Hollandus, a new genus for the African skipper Pardaleodes xanthopeplus, with the description of a new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae [incertae sedis]) Metamorphosis 26: 4–11. PDF. Reference page. 
• Li, W., Cong. Q., Shen, J.H., Zhang, J., Hallwachs, W., Janzen, D.H. & Grishin, N.V. 2019. Genomes of skipper butterflies reveal extensive convergence of wing patterns. PNAS 116(13): 6232–6237. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821304116. Text. SI Appendix. Reference page. 
• Mielke, O.H.H., Carneiro, E. & Casagrande, M.M. 2012. Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera, Hesperioidea) from Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil: 70 years of records with special reference to faunal composition of Vila Velha State Park. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 56(1): 59–66. Reference page. 
• Swinhoe, C. 1907. New Species of African and Indo-Malayan Hesperiidæ. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History (7) 20(119): 430–436. DOI: 10.1080/00222930709487365. BHL Reference page. 
• Swinhoe, C. 1908. On the species of Hesperidae from the Indo-Malayan and African Regions, described by Herr Plötz, with descriptions of some new species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1908, Pt.1: 1–36, pls. 1–3. Reference page. 
• Toussaint, E.F.A., Breinholt, J.W., Earl, C., Warren, A.D., Brower, A.V.Z., Yago, M., Dexter, K.M., Espeland, M., Pierce, N.E., Lohman, D.J. & Kawahara, A.Y. 2018. Anchored phylogenomics illuminates the skipper butterfly tree of life. BMC Evolutionary Biology 18: 101. DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1216-z Reference page. 
• Warren, A.D., Ogawa, J.R. & Brower, A.V.Z. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of subfamilies and circumscription of tribes in the family Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea). Cladistics 24(5): 642–676. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00218.x PDF Reference page. 
• Zhang, J., Cong. Q., Shen, J.H., Brockmann, E. & Grishin, N.V. 2019. Three new subfamilies of skipper butterflies (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). ZooKeys 861: 91–105. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.861.34686 Reference page. 
• Zhang, J., Cong, Q., Shen, J.H. & Grishin, N.V. 2022. Taxonomic changes suggested by the genomic analysis of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera). Insecta Mundi 0921: 1–135. PDF. Reference page. 
• Zhu, J-Q., Chiba, H. & Wu, L-W. 2016. Tsukiyamaia, a new genus of the tribe Baorini (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae). ZooKeys 555: 37–55. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.555.6144. Reference page.