Phalaris

Phalaris aquatica

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Poales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Monocots Cladus: Commelinids Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Pooideae
Tribus: Poeae
Subtribus: Phalaridinae
Genus: Phalaris
Species: P. amethystina – P. angusta – P. aquatica – P. arundinacea – P. brachystachys – P. californica – P. canariensis – P. caroliniana – P. coerulescens – P. lemmonii – P. lindigii – P. maderensis – P. minor – P. paradoxa – P. peruviana – P. platensis – P. truncata
Nothospecies: P. × daviesii

Source(s) of checklist:
Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Phalaris in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 May 4. Reference page.

Name

Phalaris L., Sp. Pl. 1: 54 (1753), nom. cons.

Type species: Phalaris canariensis L., Sp. Pl.: 54 (1753).

Synonyms

Heterotypic
- Phalaroides Wolf, Gen. Pl.: 11 (1781).
- Typhoides Moench, Methodus: 201 (1794).
- Baldingera G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb., Oekon. Fl. Wetterau 1: 43 (1799), nom. superfl.
- Digraphis Trin., Fund. Agrost.: 127 (1820), nom. illeg.
- Endallex Raf., Bull. Bot. (Geneva) 1: 220 (1830), nom. illeg.
- Phalaridantha St.-Lag. in A.Cariot, Étude Fl., éd. 8. 2: 900 (1889), nom. superfl.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Northern Europe
  - Denmark, Finland, Føroyar, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden.
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
- Regional: Eastern Europe
  - Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine.
Continental: Africa
- Regional: Northern Africa
  - Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara.
- Regional: Macaronesia
  - Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira.
- Regional: West Tropical Africa
  - Mauritania.
- Regional: West-Central Tropical Africa
  - Rwanda.
- Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad, Djibouti (introduced), Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan.
- Regional: East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya, Tanzania.
- Regional: South Tropical Africa
  - Zimbabwe (introduced).
- Regional: Southern Africa
  - Cape Provinces, Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Northern Provinces (introduced).
- Regional: Western Indian Ocean
  - Mauritius (introduced), Madagascar, Réunion (introduced).
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Siberia
  - Altay, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, West Siberia, Yakutskiya.
- Regional: Russian Far East
  - Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Islands, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin.
- Regional: Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan.
- Regional: Caucasus
  - North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey.
- Regional: Arabian Peninsula
  - Gulf States, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
- Regional: China
  - China South-Central, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Xinjiang.
- Regional: Mongolia
  - Mongolia.
- Regional: Eastern Asia
  - Japan, Korea, Nansei-shoto (introduced), Taiwan.
Continental: Asia-Tropical
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya.
- Regional: Indo-China
  - Myanmar, Vietnam.
- Regional: Malesia
  - Jawa (introduced; extinct), Philippines (introduced).
- Regional: Papuasia
  - New Guinea (introduced).
Continental: Australasia (introduced)
- Regional: Australia
  - Norfolk Islands, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia.
- Regional: New Zealand
  - Chatham Islands, Kermadec Islands, New Zealand North, New Zealand South.
Continental: Pacific (introduced)
- Regional: Southwestern Pacific
  - New Caledonia.
- Regional: Northwestern Pacific
  - Marianas.
- Regional: North-Central Pacific
  - Hawaii.
Continental: Northern America
- Regional: Subarctic America
  - Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon.
- Regional: Western Canada
  - Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan.
- Regional: Eastern Canada
  - New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec.
- Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado, Idaho (introduced), Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming.
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin.
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia.
- Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah.
- Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico, Texas.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia.
- Regional: Mexico
  - Mexico Central (introduced), Mexico Northeast, Mexican Pacific Islands, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast (introduced).
Continental: Southern America
- Regional: Central America
  - Costa Rica, Honduras (introduced).
- Regional: Caribbean
  - Bermuda, Cuba, Puerto Rico (introduced).
- Regional: Northern South America
  - Venezuela (introduced).
- Regional: Western South America
  - Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
- Regional: Brazil
  - Brazil Southeast, Brazil South.
- Regional: Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Argentina Northwest, Chile Central, Chile North (introduced), Chile South, Juan Fernández Islands (extinct), Paraguay, Uruguay.
Continental: Antarctic
- Regional: Subantarctic Islands
  - Tristan da Cunha (introduced).

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 54. Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Phalaris in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 May 4. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2023. Phalaris. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 4 May 2023.
International Plant Names Index. 2023. Phalaris. Published online. Accessed: 4 May 2023. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Phalaris. Accessed: 4 May 2023.
Simon, B.K., Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T., Vorontsova, M., Brake, I., Healy, D. & Alfonso, Y. 2013. GrassWorld, Phalaris. Published online. Accessed: 2013 Dec. 17.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Phalaris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 20 March 2008.

Vernacular names

беларуская: Канарэечнік
Deutsch: Glanzgräser
suomi: Helvet
Türkçe: Kanyaş

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