Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana

Synonyms

• Basionym
  • Pinus pallasiana Lamb., Descr. Pinus, ed. 2, 2: t. 5 (1828).
• Homotypic
  • Pinus laricio var. pallasiana (Lamb.) Endl., Syn. Conif.: 179 (1847).
  • Pinus laricio subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) K.Richt., Pl. Eur. 1: 3 (1890).
  • Pinus nigra var. pallasiana (Lamb.) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 1: 214 (1897).
• Heterotypic
  • Pinus laricio var. caramanica Loudon, Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2201 (1838).
  • Pinus laricio var. taurica Loudon, Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2202 (1838).
  • Pinus taurica (Loudon) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 339 4: 2202 (1840).
  • Pinus pontica K.Koch, Linnaea 22: 297 (1849).
  • Pinus fenzlii Antoine & Kotschy ex Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 496 (1867).
  • Pinus nigra var. caramanica (Loudon) Rehder, Man. Cult. Trees: 61 (1927).
  • Pinus nigra subsp. fenzlii (Antoine & Kotschy ex Carrière) Franco, Dendrol. Florest.: 55 (1943).
  • Pinus nigra subsp. caramanica (Loudon) Businský, Acta Pruhon. 68: 22 (1999).
  • Pinus pallasiana subsp. caramanica (Loudon) Chrtek & B.Slavík, Flora Medit. 10: 236 (2000).
  • Pinus nigra var. columnaris-pendula Boydak, Karaca Arbor. Mag. 6: 17 (2001).
  • Pinus nigra var. fastigiata Businský, Acta Pruhon. 88: 8 (2008).

Taxonomic notes

This subspecies may be distinguished as follows:
Trees to 40 m tall, often with paired or forked trunks. Bark light gray with deep longitudinal fissures and relatively large scaly plates. Leaves stiff, straight or curved, (8-)12-17 cm long, light green. (Farjon, 2010)

Additional references

• Farjon, A. 2001. World Checklist and Bibliography of Conifers. 2. ed., 309 pp. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-025-0 Reference page. 
• Businský, R. 2008. The genus Pinus L., pines: contribution to knowledge. A monograph with cone drawings of all species of the world by Ludmila Businská. Acta Pruhoniciana 88: 1–126. PDF (Text) Photos 1–32 Photos 33–42 Figures 1–73Reference page. 
• Farjon, A. 2010. A Handbook of the World's Conifers. 2 vols., pp. 1–526 + 527–1111, Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, Boston. ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5. Reference page. 
• Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (eds.) 2012. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını. İstanbul. ISBN 978-605-60425-7-7. Online edition. Reference page. 

Links

• Farjon, A. 2013. Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013. IUCN Red List Category: Least Concern . DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T20454606A20454613.en.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 March 6. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2023. Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana. Published online. Accessed: March 6 2023. Reference page.
• Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana. Accessed: 6 March 2023.
• Hassler, M. 2023. Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2023. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2023 March 6. Reference page.