Silybum

Silybum marianum

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Asterales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Carduoideae
Tribus: Cardueae
Subtribus: Carduinae
Genus: Silybum
Species: S. eburneum – S. marianum
Nothospecies: S. × gonzaloi

Name

Silybum Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 116, 605 (1763), nom. cons.

Synonyms

  • Heterotypic
    • Mariana Hill, Veg. Syst. 4: 19 (1762), nom. rej.
    • Mariacantha Bubani, Fl. Pyren. 2: 149 (1899).

Notes

  • Silybum intermedium Willk., Index Sem. Hort. Dorpat. 6. 1869, nomen non vestigium.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Europe
    • Regional: Northern Europe
      • Denmark, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden (introduced).
    • Regional: Middle Europe
      • Austria, Belgium (introduced), Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands (introduced), Poland, Switzerland (introduced).
    • Regional: Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
    • Regional: Southeastern Europe
      • Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
    • Regional: Eastern Europe
      • Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine.
  • Continental: Africa
    • Regional: Northern Africa
      • Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara.
    • Regional: Macaronesia
      • Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira.
    • Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Ethiopia.
    • Regional: Southern Africa
      • Cape Provinces, Northern Provinces (introduced).
  • Continental: Asia-Temperate
    • Regional: Siberia
      • West Siberia (introduced).
    • Regional: Russian Far East
      • Primorye (introduced).
    • Regional: Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan.
    • Regional: Caucasus
      • North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
    • Regional: Western Asia
      • Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey.
    • Regional: Arabian Peninsula
      • Gulf States, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
    • Regional: China
      • China South-Central, Hainan, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Tibet, Xinjiang (introduced).
    • Regional: Eastern Asia
      • Korea, Taiwan (introduced).
  • Continental: Asia-Tropical
    • Regional: Indian Subcontinent
      • India, Pakistan, West Himalaya.
    • Regional: Indo-China
      • Thailand, Vietnam (introduced).
    • Regional: Malesia
      • Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera (introduced).
  • Continental: Australasia
    • Regional: Australia
      • Norfolk Islands, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia (introduced).
    • Regional: New Zealand
      • Chatham Islands, New Zealand North, New Zealand South (introduced).
  • Continental: Northern America (introduced)
    • Regional: Western Canada
      • Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan.
    • Regional: Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec.
    • Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado, Oregon, Washington.
    • Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
      • Illinois, Oklahoma, Wisconsin.
    • Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut, Indiana, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, West Virginia.
    • Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona, California, Nevada.
    • Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico, Texas.
    • Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia.
    • Regional: Mexico
      • Mexico Southeast.
  • Continental: Southern America (introduced)
    • Regional: Northern South America
      • Venezuela.
    • Regional: Western South America
      • Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
    • Regional: Brazil
      • Brazil West-Central, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil North, Brazil South.
    • Regional: Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Argentina Northwest, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, Juan Fernández Islands, Paraguay, Uruguay.
  • Continental: Antarctic (introduced)
    • Regional: Subantarctic Islands
      • Falkland Islands.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

  • Farr, E. R. & Zijlstra, G. eds. (1996-) Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). 2010 May 23 .

Vernacular names

čeština: Ostropestřec mariánský
Deutsch: Mariendistel
English: Milk thistle
suomi: Maarianohdakkeet
français: Chardon-Marie
lietuvių: Margainis
Nederlands: Mariadistel
polski: Ostropest
русский: Расторопша
中文: 乳薊
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