Tinospora

Tinospora cordifolia

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Ranunculales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Ordo: Ranunculales

Familia: Menispermaceae
Subfamilia: Chasmantheroideae
Tribus: Burasaieae
Genus: Tinospora

Overview of species

Accepted species

T. arfakiana – T. baenzigeri – T. bakis – T. celebica – T. cordifolia – T. crispa – T. dentata – T. dissitiflora – T. esiangkara – T. fragosa – T. glabra – T. glandulosa – T. guangxiensis – T. hainanensis – T. hirsuta – T. homosepala – T. macrocarpa – T. merrilliana – T. neocaledonica – T. orophila – T. sagittata – T. siamensis – T. sinensis – T. smilacina – T. subcordata – T. sumatrana – T. tenera – T. teysmannii – T. tinosporoides – T. trilobata – ...
Paleospecies: †T. elongata – †T. excavata – †T. hardmanae – †T. wilkinsonii

Source(s) of checklist: 

Name

Tinospora Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, 7(37): 35, 38. 1851, nom. cons.

Synonymy

  • Heterotypic
    • Campylus Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 1: 94, 113. 1790, nom. rej.
    • Desmonema Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 20(118): 260(–261). 1867, nom. illeg. hom. – non Desmonema Raf., Atlantic J. 1(6): 177. 1833.
      • Type species: Desmonema caffrum Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, 20(118): 261. 1867.
    • Hypsipodes Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 82. 1868.
    • Fawcettia F.Muell., Fragm. (Mueller) 10(86): 93. 1877.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Tropical & Subtropical Old World
      • Andaman Is., Angola, Assam, Bangladesh, Benin, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Cambodia, Caprivi Strip, Chad, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Himalaya, Ethiopia, Hainan, India, Jawa, Kenya, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maldives, Mali, Maluku, Marianas, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New South Wales, Nicobar Is., Niger, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Philippines, Queensland, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Solomon Is., Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Swaziland, Tanzania, Thailand, Vietnam, Western Australia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
    • Introduced into:
      • Christmas I., Leeward Is., Pakistan

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

Additional references

  • Andrews, F.W. 1950. 12. Menispermaceae. Pp. 15–19 in The flowering plants of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, Vol. 1, Cycadaceae–Tiliaceae. T. Buncle & Co. Ltd., Arbroath, Scotland. PDF Reference page.  (as Desmonema and Tinospora)
  • Chaudhary, S.A. 1999. 8. Menispermaceae. Pp. 80–83 in Flora of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Vol. 1. Ministry of Agriculture & Water, Riyad. Reference page. 
  • De Wet, H., Struwig , M. & Van Wyk, B.-E. 2016. Taxonomic notes on the genera Tiliacora and Tinospora (Menispermaceae) in southern Africa. South African Journal of Botany 103: 283–294. DOI: 10.1016/j.sajb.2015.05.030 Reference page. 
  • Essou, J.-P. 2006. Menispermaceae Juss. Pp. 798–803 in Akoègninou, A., Van der Burg, W.J. & Van der Maesen, L.J.G. (chief eds.), Flore analytique du Bénin. Backhuys Publishers, Cotonou & Wageningen. ISBN 90-5782-181-8. Reference page. 
  • Exell, A.W. & Mendonça, F.A. 1937. 4 — Menispermaceae. Pp. 32–45 in Conspectus Florae Angolensis, Vol. 1, Fasc. 1, Ranunculaceae–Malvaceae. Ministério do Ultramar, Lisboa. Online Reference page.  (as Desmonema)
  • Exell, A.W. & Mendonça, F.A. 1951. Adenda e Corrigenda: 4 — Menispermaceae. Pp. 357–358 in Conspectus Florae Angolensis, Vol. 1, Fasc. 2, Malvaceae–Aquifoliaceae. Ministério do Ultramar, Lisboa. Online Reference page.  (as Hyalosepalum)
  • Forman, L.L. 1981. A revision of Tinospora (Menispermaceae) in Asia to Australia and the Pacific. The Menispermaceae of Malesia and adjacent areas: X. Kew Bulletin 36: 375–421. JSTOR Reference page. 
  • Forman, L.L. 1984. A revision of tribe Tinosporeae (Menispermaceae) in Asia, Australia and the Pacific. The Menispermaceae of Malesia and adjacent areas: XII. Kew Bulletin 39: 99–116. JSTOR Reference page. 
  • Forman, L.L. 1986. Menispermaceae. Pp. 157–253 in Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. & De Wilde, W.J.J.O. (eds.), Flora Malesiana, Ser. I, Vol. 10(2). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. BHL. Reference page. 
  • Forman, L.L. 1988. A synopsis of Thai Menispermaceae. Kew Bulletin 43: 369–407. JSTOR Reference page. 
  • Forman, L.L. 1991. Menispermaceae. Pp. 300–365 in Smitinand, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.), Flora of Thailand, Vol. 5(3). The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok. Reference page. 
  • Forman, L.L. 1995. Menispermaceae. Pp. 301–319 in Dassanayake, M.D., Fosberg, F.R. (†) & Clayton, W.D. (eds.), A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, Vol. IX. Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi. Reference page. 
  • Forman, L. 1998. Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie 22(1). Menispermaceae. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Pp. 3–24. ISBN 2-85654-209-3. PDF BHL Reference page. 
  • Forman, L.L. (†). 2007. Menispermaceae. Pp. 362–386 in Flora of Australia, Vol. 2, Winteraceae to Platanaceae. Australian Biological Resources Study (ABRS), Canberra; CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne. ISBN 978-0-643-05967-2 (hard cover)/ISBN 978-0-643-05968-9 (soft cover). Online. Reference page. 
  • Fournet, J. 2002. 21. Menispermaceae. Pp. 157–160 in Flore illustrée des phanérogames de Guadeloupe et de Martinique, Tome 1, Nouv. éd. CIRAD, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Montpellier. ISBN 2-908490-26-9. Reference page.  (as introduced taxon)
  • Grierson, A.J.C. Family 47. Menispermaceae. Pp. 331–340 in Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. 1984. Flora of Bhutan: including a record of plants from Sikkim, Vol. 1, Part 2. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, ISBN 0-9504270-2-0. Reference page. 
  • Luo Xianrui, Chen Tao & Gilbert, M.G. 2008. Menispermaceae. Pp. 1–31 in Wu Zhengyi, Raven, P.H. & Hong Deyuan (eds.), Flora of China, Vol. 7, Menispermaceae through Capparaceae. Science Press, Beijing; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 978-1-930723-81-8. PDF Online Reference page. 
  • Manchester, S.R. 1994. Fruits and seeds of the Middle Eocene Nut Beds flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon. Palaeontographica Americana 58: 1–205. BHL PDF Reference page. 
  • Pramanik, A. & Gangopadhyay, M. 1993. Menispermaceae. Pp. 308–350 in Sharma, B.D., Balakrishnan, N.P., Rao, R.R. & Hajra, P.K. (eds.), Flora of India, Vol. 1, Ranunculaceae–Barclayaceae. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. Reference page. 
  • Thulin, M. 1993. 16. Menispermaceae. Pp. 25–28 in Flora of Somalia, Vol. 1, Pteridophyta; Gymnospermae; Angiospermae (Annonaceae–Fabaceae). Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew. ISBN 0-947643-55-9. Reference page. 
  • Troupin, G. 1951. 34. Menispermaceae. Pp. 202–255 in Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi, Vol. 2. Institut National pour l'Étude Agronomique du Congo Belge, Bruxelles [Brussels]. Reference page.  (as Hyalosepalum)
  • Troupin, G. 1956. Menispermaceae. In Turrill, W.B. & Milne-Redhead, E. (eds.), Flora of Tropical East Africa. 32 pp. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London. ISBN 978-1-84246-286-7 Online Reference page. 
  • Troupin, G. 1959. Contribution a l'étude monographique des Menispermaceae africaines IV. Menispermaceae du Congo belge et du Ruanda-Urundi. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'État a Bruxelles 29: 213–226. JSTOR Reference page. 
  • Troupin, G. 1960. 7. Menispermaceae. Pp. 150–171 in Exell, A.W. & Wild, H. (eds.), Flora Zambesiaca, Vol. 1, part 1. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London. Online Reference page. 
  • Troupin, G. 1962. Monographie des Menispermaceae africaines. 313 pp. (Mémoires in-8vo, Nouv. sér., Tome XIII, fasc. 2.) Académie Royale des Sciences d'Outre-Mer, Classe des Sciences Naturelles et Médicales, Bruxelles. PDF (20 MB) Reference page. 
  • Troupin, G. & Keay, R.W.J. 1954. 12. Menispermaceae. Pp. 66–77 in Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J., Flora of West Tropical Africa, 2nd ed., Vol. 1(1). Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London. Reference page. 

Vernacular names

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