Toxicodendron

Toxicodendron diversilobum

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Sapindales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids II Ordo: Sapindales

Familia: Anacardiaceae
Subfamilia: Anacardioideae
Genus: Toxicodendron
Species: T. acuminatum – T. bimannii – T. borneense – T. calcicola – T. delavayi – T. diversilobum – T. fulvum – T. grandiflorum – T. griffithii – T. hirtellum – T. hookeri – T. khasianum – T. × lobadioides – T. nodosum – T. oligophyllum – T. orientale – T. pubescens – T. quinquefoliolatum – T. radicans – T. rhetsoides – T. rostratum – T. rydbergii – T. striatum – T. succedaneum – T. sylvestre – T. trichocarpum – T. vernicifluum – T. vernix – T. wallichii – T. yunnanense

Source(s) of checklist:
Govaerts, R. et al. 2025. Toxicodendron in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2025 Jan 20. Reference page.

Name

Toxicodendron Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: [1393] (1754).

Lectotype species: Toxicodendron pubescens Mill. (designated by N.L. Britton & A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N.U.S. ed. 2. 2: 483. 1913.)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
- Vernix Adans., Fam. Pl. 2: 347 (1763).
- Albonia Buc'hoz, Herb. Color. Amérique: t. 57 (1783), nom. nud.
- Augia Lour., Fl. Cochinch.: 337 (1790), nom. rej.
- Philostemon Raf., Fl. Ludov.: 107 (1817).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Czechoslovakia (introduced).
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Russian Far East
  - Kuril Islands, Sakhalin.
- Regional: Middle Asia
  - Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan (introduced).
- Regional: China
  - China South-Central, Hainan, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Tibet.
- Regional: Eastern Asia
  - Japan, Korea, Nansei-shoto, Ogasawara-shoto, Taiwan.
Continental: Asia-Tropical
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, Nepal, Pakistan, West Himalaya.
- Regional: Indo-China
  - Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam.
- Regional: Malesia
  - Borneo, Jawa, Malaya, Sulawesi, Sumatera.
Continental: Pacific
- Regional: Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands (introduced).
Continental: Northern America
- Regional: Subarctic America
  - Yukon.
- Regional: Western Canada
  - Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan.
- Regional: Eastern Canada
  - New Brunswick, Newfoundland (introduced), Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec.
- Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming.
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin.
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia.
- Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah.
- Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico, Texas.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia.
- Regional: Mexico
  - Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast.
Continental: Southern America
- Regional: Central America
  - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama.
- Regional: Caribbean
  - Bahamas, Bermuda, Cuba (introduced).
- Regional: Northern South America
  - Venezuela.
- Regional: Western South America
  - Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Miller, P. 1754. The Gardeners Dictionary. Abridged. Ed. 4, Vol. 1–3 (unpaged). John & James Rivington, London. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.79061 Reference page.

Additional references

Britton, N.L. & Brown, A. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian. ed. 2. C. Scribner's sons, New York. Vol. 2: 483. Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2025. Toxicodendron in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2025 Jan 20. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2025. Toxicodendron. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 20 Jan 2025.
International Plant Names Index. 2025. Toxicodendron. Published online. Accessed: 20 Jan 2025. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2025. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Toxicodendron. Accessed: 20 Jan 2025.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Toxicodendron in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.

Vernacular names

dansk: Giftsumak
Deutsch: Giftsumach
italiano: Sommacco velenoso
日本語: ウルシ属
lietuvių: Raugmedis
norsk: Gifteiker
русский: Токсикодендрон
中文: 漆属

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