< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spalkijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
This Proto-Germanic entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *spalk- (“splint, cleft”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /ˈspɑl.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*spalkijaną

  1. to fasten with a splint
  2. to cleave, to split

Inflection
Conjugation of *spalkijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *spalkijō*spalkijaų—*spalkijai ?
2nd singular *spalkīsi*spalkijais*spalkī*spalkijasai*spalkijaisau
3rd singular *spalkīþi*spalkijai*spalkijaþau*spalkijaþai*spalkijaiþau
1st dual *spalkijōs*spalkijaiw———
2nd dual *spalkijaþiz*spalkijaiþiz*spalkijaþiz——
1st plural *spalkijamaz*spalkijaim—*spalkijanþai*spalkijainþau
2nd plural *spalkīþ*spalkijaiþ*spalkīþ*spalkijanþai*spalkijainþau
3rd plural *spalkijanþi*spalkijain*spalkijanþau*spalkijanþai*spalkijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *spalkidǭ*spalkidēdį̄
2nd singular *spalkidēz*spalkidēdīz
3rd singular *spalkidē*spalkidēdī
1st dual *spalkidēdū*spalkidēdīw
2nd dual *spalkidēdudiz*spalkidēdīdiz
1st plural *spalkidēdum*spalkidēdīm
2nd plural *spalkidēdud*spalkidēdīd
3rd plural *spalkidēdun*spalkidēdīn
present past
participles *spalkijandz*spalkidaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *spalkijan
    • Old English: spelcan, spilcan
      • Middle English: spelken, spilken
    • Old Dutch: *spelken
      • Middle Dutch: *spelken
        • Dutch: spelken (West Flemish)
        • ⇒ Middle Dutch: afspelken
  • Old Norse: spelkja
    • Icelandic: spelkja
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