< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/warnōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to become aware; take heed”). Equivalent to *warnō (“warning”) +‎ *-ōną.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈwɑr.nɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*warnōną

  1. to be careful
  2. to warn

Inflection
Conjugation of *warnōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *warnō*warnǭ—*warnōi ?
2nd singular *warnōsi*warnōs*warnō*warnōsai*warnōsau
3rd singular *warnōþi*warnō*warnōþau*warnōþai*warnōþau
1st dual *warnōs*warnōw———
2nd dual *warnōþiz*warnōþiz*warnōþiz——
1st plural *warnōmaz*warnōm—*warnōnþai*warnōnþau
2nd plural *warnōþ*warnōþ*warnōþ*warnōnþai*warnōnþau
3rd plural *warnōnþi*warnōn*warnōnþau*warnōnþai*warnōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *warnōdǭ*warnōdēdį̄
2nd singular *warnōdēz*warnōdēdīz
3rd singular *warnōdē*warnōdēdī
1st dual *warnōdēdū*warnōdēdīw
2nd dual *warnōdēdudiz*warnōdēdīdiz
1st plural *warnōdēdum*warnōdēdīm
2nd plural *warnōdēdud*warnōdēdīd
3rd plural *warnōdēdun*warnōdēdīn
present past
participles *warnōndz*warnōdaz

Derived terms
  • *warnungō
  • *warnijaną
  • *warnō

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *warnōn
    • Old English: warnian, wearnian
      • Middle English: warnien, warnen
        • Scots: wairn
        • English: warn
    • Old Frisian: wernia, warna
    • Old Saxon: *warnōn
    • Old Dutch: *warnon
    • Old High German: warnōn
  • Old Norse: varna

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*warnjōanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 449
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