< Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic

Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/palŋa

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Alternative Reconstructions
  • *paliŋa, *pańŋa, *parŋa

Reconstruction notes

The reconstruction of this word is not certain and reconstructed as different by few linguists.

  1. EDAL reconstructs as *palŋa, also notes that the other languages except Manchu reflect *pańŋa, and the Manchu probably reflects the earlier variant *paliŋa.
  2. Benzing unsurely reconstructs as *paliŋa.
  3. According to Kazama, the proto-form of this noun has a consonant cluster *-rŋ-, perhaps due to PTM *-r- > -j- in Nanai .

Noun

*palŋa

  1. palm of hand

Declension
Declension of *palŋa
Singular
Nominative *palŋa
Accusative *palŋaba
Genitive *palŋaŋī
Dative *palŋadua
Locative *palŋala
Ablative *palŋadiki
Prolative *palŋali
Elative *palŋagiʒi
Instrumental *palŋaʒi
Delative *palŋalāki
Directive *palŋatiki
Comitative *palŋagili

Descendants
  • Jurchenic:
    • Jurchen: 發郎哈 (falangga /⁠fa-lang-ha⁠/)
  • Tungusic:
    • North Tungusic:
      • Even: ханҥа (hanŋa)
      • Evenki: ханӈга (hanŋga)
      • Negidal: ханьӈа (xańŋa)
      • Oroqen: aŋŋa
    • South Tungusic:
      • Central:
        • Oroch: хаӈа (xaŋa)
        • Udihe: хан’а (xańa)
      • South-Eastern:
        • Nanai: пайӈа (pajŋa)
        • Orok: хаӈа (xaŋa), хаӈӈа (xaŋŋa)
        • Ulch: пан’а (pańa)

References
  • Benzing, Johannes (1955) Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 45
  • Cincius, V. I. (1977) Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Leningrad: Nauka, pages 321, 314
  • Kane, Daniel (1989) The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 326.
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