< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic
Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tȫg-
Proto-Turkic
Alternative reconstructions
- *tög-
Conjugation
Conjugation of *tȫg- (Common Turkic)
Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.
| Positive | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | *tȫgmek | |||||||
| participle | present | *tȫggen, tȫgügme, tȫger | ||||||
| past | *tȫgdük, tȫgmiš | |||||||
| future | *tȫgdeči, tȫgmekči, tȫgsik, tȫgeček | |||||||
| verbal noun | *tȫgme, tȫgüg, tȫggü | |||||||
| way of doing | *tȫgüš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *tȫger ben | *tȫger sen | *tȫger | *tȫger biz | *tȫger siz | *tȫger | |
| past | simple | *tȫgdüm | *tȫgdüŋ | *tȫgdi | *tȫgdük, tȫgdümüz | *tȫgdüŋüz | *tȫgdi | |
| inferential | *tȫgmiš ben | *tȫgmiš sen | *tȫgmiš | *tȫgmiš biz | *tȫgmiš siz | *tȫgmiš | ||
| future | simple | *tȫgdeči ben, tȫgmekči ben, tȫgeček ben | *tȫgdeči sen, tȫgmekči sen, tȫgeček sen | *tȫgdeči, tȫgmekči, tȫgeček | *tȫgdeči biz, tȫgmekči biz, tȫgeček biz | *tȫgdeči siz, tȫgmekči siz, tȫgeček siz | *tȫgdeči, tȫgmekči, tȫgeček | |
| predictive | *tȫggey ben | *tȫggey sen | *tȫggey | *tȫggey biz | *tȫggey siz | *tȫggey | ||
| necessitive | *tȫgsüküm | *tȫgsüküŋ | *tȫgsük | *tȫgsükümüz | *tȫgsüküŋüz | *tȫgsük | ||
| conditional | *tȫgsem, tȫgser ben | *tȫgseŋ, tȫgser sen | *tȫgse, tȫgser | *tȫgsek, tȫgsemiz, tȫgser biz | *tȫgseŋiz, tȫgser siz | *tȫgseler, tȫgser | ||
| optative | *tȫggey ben | *tȫggey sen | *tȫggey | *tȫggey biz | *tȫggey siz | *tȫggey | ||
| progressive | *tȫgmekde ben | *tȫgmekde sen | *tȫgmekde | *tȫgmekde biz | *tȫgmekde siz | *tȫgmekde | ||
| necessitative | *tȫgmelig ben | *tȫgmelig sen | *tȫgmelig | *tȫgmelig biz | *tȫgmelig siz | *tȫgmelig | ||
| imperative | *tȫgeyin | *tȫg, tȫggil | *tȫgzün | *tȫgelim | *tȫgüŋ | *tȫgzün | ||
| Negative | ||||||||
| infinitive | *tȫgmemek | |||||||
| participle | present | *tȫgmegen, tȫgmegme, tȫgmez | ||||||
| past | *tȫgmedük, tȫgmemiš | |||||||
| future | *tȫgmeči, tȫgmesik, tȫgmeyeček | |||||||
| verbal noun | *tȫgmeme, tȫgmeg, tȫgmegü | |||||||
| way of doing | *tȫgmeyüš | |||||||
| singular | plural | |||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
| *ben | *sen | *ol | *biz | *siz | *olar | |||
| indicative | aorist | *tȫgmez ben | *tȫgmez sen | *tȫgmez | *tȫgmez biz | *tȫgmez siz | *tȫgmez | |
| past | simple | *tȫgmedüm | *tȫgmedüŋ | *tȫgmedi | *tȫgmedük, tȫgmedümüz | *tȫgmedüŋüz | *tȫgmedi | |
| inferential | *tȫgmemiš ben | *tȫgmemiš sen | *tȫgmemiš | *tȫgmemiš biz | *tȫgmemiš siz | *tȫgmemiš | ||
| future | simple | *tȫgmeči ben, tȫgmeyeček ben | *tȫgmeči sen, tȫgmeyeček sen | *tȫgmeči, tȫgmeyeček | *tȫgmeči biz, tȫgmeyeček biz | *tȫgmeči siz, tȫgmeyeček siz | *tȫgmeči, tȫgmeyeček | |
| predictive | *tȫgmegey ben | *tȫgmegey sen | *tȫgmegey | *tȫgmegey biz | *tȫgmegey siz | *tȫgmegey | ||
| necessitive | *tȫgmesüküm | *tȫgmesüküŋ | *tȫgmesük | *tȫgmesükümüz | *tȫgmesüküŋüz | *tȫgmesük | ||
| conditional | *tȫgmesem, tȫgmeser ben | *tȫgmeseŋ, tȫgmeser sen | *tȫgmese, tȫgmeser | *tȫgmesek, tȫgmesemiz, tȫgmeser biz | *tȫgmeseŋiz, tȫgmeser siz | *tȫgmeseler, tȫgmeser | ||
| optative | *tȫgmegey ben | *tȫgmegey sen | *tȫgmegey | *tȫgmegey biz | *tȫgmegey siz | *tȫgmegey | ||
| progressive | *tȫgmemekde ben | *tȫgmemekde sen | *tȫgmemekde | *tȫgmemekde biz | *tȫgmemekde siz | *tȫgmemekde | ||
| necessitative | *tȫgmemelig ben | *tȫgmemelig sen | *tȫgmemelig | *tȫgmemelig biz | *tȫgmemelig siz | *tȫgmemelig | ||
| imperative | *tȫgmeyeyin | *tȫgme, tȫgmegil | *tȫgmezün | *tȫgmeyelim | *tȫgmeyiŋ | *tȫgmezün | ||
Derived terms
- ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *tȫg-ün (“mark, brand”)
- ⇒ Proto-Turkic: *tȫgün-e- (“to brand”)
Descendants
- Proto-Oghuz: *tȫg-
- Karluk:
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (tögmēk)
- Uzbek: tuymoq
- Karakhanid: [script needed] (tögmēk)
- Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
- Bashkir: төйөу (töyöw)
- West Kipchak:
- Crimeaic Kipchak:
- Crimean Tatar: dögmek
- Urum: дӧгиер (dögier)
- Karachay-Balkar: тюйюрге (tüyürge)
- Kumyk: тюймек (tüymek)
- Crimeaic Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
- Karakalpak: tüyüw
- Kazakh: түйу (tüiu)
- Nogai: туьймек (tüymek)
- North Kipchak:
References
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “tö:g-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 477
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “dövmek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Nauka, page 270
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 492
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*düg-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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