товарищ

• това́рищъ (továrišč) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
• тов. (tov.), т. (t.) — abbreviations

Inherited from Old East Slavic товарищь (tovariščĭ), from Proto-Slavic *tovariščь, from *tovarъ +‎ *-iščь.

• IPA^(key): [tɐˈvarʲɪɕː]

• Audio:

  (file)

това́рищ • (továrišč) m anim (genitive това́рища, nominative plural това́рищи, genitive plural това́рищей, feminine това́рка, relational adjective това́рищеский)

1. comrade, friend (male or female)
2. mate, companion, pal (male or female)
3. colleague, assistant (male or female)
4. classmate, fellow student (male or female)
5. a word used to address compatriots, fellow citizens (male or female) in the Soviet era

• това́р m (továr)

• → Chinese:

  Mandarin: 達瓦里希 (dáwǎlǐxī)

• → English: tovarish
• → Finnish: toveri
• → Ingrian: tovarišša
• → Yakut: табаарыс (tabaarıs)
• → Persian: تاواریش (tâvâriš)

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “товарищ”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “товарищ”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 247