شهر

See also: شہر and سہر

Arabic

Etymology 1.1

Root
ش ه ر (š h r)
11 terms

Compare Aramaic סהרא (“moon”), Hebrew סַהַר (sáhar, “crescent”) and Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩠𐩧 (s²hr, “beginning of the lunar month”).

Pronunciation 1

IPA^(key): /ʃa.ha.ra/

Verb

شَهَرَ • (šahara) I (non-past يَشْهَرُ (yašharu), verbal noun شَهْر (šahr) or شُهْرَة (šuhra))

to spread, to make known, to divulge
to make well-known, to make famous, to make notorious
to proclaim, to announce
to draw (a weapon), to unsheathe

Conjugation

Conjugation of **شَهَرَ** (I, sound, a ~ a, full passive, verbal nouns **شَهْر**, *شُهْرَة*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					شَهْر, شُهْرَة šahr, šuhra
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					شَاهِر šāhir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَشْهُور mašhūr
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شَهَرْتُ šahartu	شَهَرْتَ šaharta	شَهَرَ šahara	شَهَرْتُمَا šahartumā	شَهَرَا šaharā	شَهَرْنَا šaharnā	شَهَرْتُمْ šahartum	شَهَرُوا šaharū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	شَهَرْتُ šahartu	شَهَرْتِ šaharti	شَهَرَتْ šaharat	شَهَرْتُمَا šahartumā	شَهَرَتَا šaharatā	شَهَرْنَا šaharnā	شَهَرْتُنَّ šahartunna	شَهَرْنَ šaharna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَشْهَرُ ʔašharu	تَشْهَرُ tašharu	يَشْهَرُ yašharu	تَشْهَرَانِ tašharāni	يَشْهَرَانِ yašharāni	نَشْهَرُ našharu	تَشْهَرُونَ tašharūna	يَشْهَرُونَ yašharūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَشْهَرُ ʔašharu	تَشْهَرِينَ tašharīna	تَشْهَرُ tašharu	تَشْهَرَانِ tašharāni	تَشْهَرَانِ tašharāni	نَشْهَرُ našharu	تَشْهَرْنَ tašharna	يَشْهَرْنَ yašharna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَشْهَرَ ʔašhara	تَشْهَرَ tašhara	يَشْهَرَ yašhara	تَشْهَرَا tašharā	يَشْهَرَا yašharā	نَشْهَرَ našhara	تَشْهَرُوا tašharū	يَشْهَرُوا yašharū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَشْهَرَ ʔašhara	تَشْهَرِي tašharī	تَشْهَرَ tašhara	تَشْهَرَا tašharā	تَشْهَرَا tašharā	نَشْهَرَ našhara	تَشْهَرْنَ tašharna	يَشْهَرْنَ yašharna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَشْهَرْ ʔašhar	تَشْهَرْ tašhar	يَشْهَرْ yašhar	تَشْهَرَا tašharā	يَشْهَرَا yašharā	نَشْهَرْ našhar	تَشْهَرُوا tašharū	يَشْهَرُوا yašharū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَشْهَرْ ʔašhar	تَشْهَرِي tašharī	تَشْهَرْ tašhar	تَشْهَرَا tašharā	تَشْهَرَا tašharā	نَشْهَرْ našhar	تَشْهَرْنَ tašharna	يَشْهَرْنَ yašharna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِشْهَرْ išhar		اِشْهَرَا išharā			اِشْهَرُوا išharū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِشْهَرِي išharī		اِشْهَرَا išharā			اِشْهَرْنَ išharna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شُهِرْتُ šuhirtu	شُهِرْتَ šuhirta	شُهِرَ šuhira	شُهِرْتُمَا šuhirtumā	شُهِرَا šuhirā	شُهِرْنَا šuhirnā	شُهِرْتُمْ šuhirtum	شُهِرُوا šuhirū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	شُهِرْتُ šuhirtu	شُهِرْتِ šuhirti	شُهِرَتْ šuhirat	شُهِرْتُمَا šuhirtumā	شُهِرَتَا šuhiratā	شُهِرْنَا šuhirnā	شُهِرْتُنَّ šuhirtunna	شُهِرْنَ šuhirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُشْهَرُ ʔušharu	تُشْهَرُ tušharu	يُشْهَرُ yušharu	تُشْهَرَانِ tušharāni	يُشْهَرَانِ yušharāni	نُشْهَرُ nušharu	تُشْهَرُونَ tušharūna	يُشْهَرُونَ yušharūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُشْهَرُ ʔušharu	تُشْهَرِينَ tušharīna	تُشْهَرُ tušharu	تُشْهَرَانِ tušharāni	تُشْهَرَانِ tušharāni	نُشْهَرُ nušharu	تُشْهَرْنَ tušharna	يُشْهَرْنَ yušharna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُشْهَرَ ʔušhara	تُشْهَرَ tušhara	يُشْهَرَ yušhara	تُشْهَرَا tušharā	يُشْهَرَا yušharā	نُشْهَرَ nušhara	تُشْهَرُوا tušharū	يُشْهَرُوا yušharū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُشْهَرَ ʔušhara	تُشْهَرِي tušharī	تُشْهَرَ tušhara	تُشْهَرَا tušharā	تُشْهَرَا tušharā	نُشْهَرَ nušhara	تُشْهَرْنَ tušharna	يُشْهَرْنَ yušharna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُشْهَرْ ʔušhar	تُشْهَرْ tušhar	يُشْهَرْ yušhar	تُشْهَرَا tušharā	يُشْهَرَا yušharā	نُشْهَرْ nušhar	تُشْهَرُوا tušharū	يُشْهَرُوا yušharū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُشْهَرْ ʔušhar	تُشْهَرِي tušharī	تُشْهَرْ tušhar	تُشْهَرَا tušharā	تُشْهَرَا tušharā	نُشْهَرْ nušhar	تُشْهَرْنَ tušharna	يُشْهَرْنَ yušharna

Pronunciation 2

IPA^(key): /ʃah.ha.ra/

Etymology 1.2

Verb

شَهَّرَ • (šahhara) II (non-past يُشَهِّرُ (yušahhiru), verbal noun تَشْهِير (tašhīr))

to make well-known, to make famous, to make notorious
to spread, to make known, to divulge
to proclaim, to announce
to defame, to slander, to revile, to pillory, to condemn, to denounce

Conjugation

Conjugation of **شَهَّرَ** (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun *تَشْهِير*)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَشْهِير tašhīr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُشَهِّر mušahhir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُشَهَّر mušahhar
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شَهَّرْتُ šahhartu	شَهَّرْتَ šahharta	شَهَّرَ šahhara	شَهَّرْتُمَا šahhartumā	شَهَّرَا šahharā	شَهَّرْنَا šahharnā	شَهَّرْتُمْ šahhartum	شَهَّرُوا šahharū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	شَهَّرْتُ šahhartu	شَهَّرْتِ šahharti	شَهَّرَتْ šahharat	شَهَّرْتُمَا šahhartumā	شَهَّرَتَا šahharatā	شَهَّرْنَا šahharnā	شَهَّرْتُنَّ šahhartunna	شَهَّرْنَ šahharna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُشَهِّرُ ʔušahhiru	تُشَهِّرُ tušahhiru	يُشَهِّرُ yušahhiru	تُشَهِّرَانِ tušahhirāni	يُشَهِّرَانِ yušahhirāni	نُشَهِّرُ nušahhiru	تُشَهِّرُونَ tušahhirūna	يُشَهِّرُونَ yušahhirūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُشَهِّرُ ʔušahhiru	تُشَهِّرِينَ tušahhirīna	تُشَهِّرُ tušahhiru	تُشَهِّرَانِ tušahhirāni	تُشَهِّرَانِ tušahhirāni	نُشَهِّرُ nušahhiru	تُشَهِّرْنَ tušahhirna	يُشَهِّرْنَ yušahhirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُشَهِّرَ ʔušahhira	تُشَهِّرَ tušahhira	يُشَهِّرَ yušahhira	تُشَهِّرَا tušahhirā	يُشَهِّرَا yušahhirā	نُشَهِّرَ nušahhira	تُشَهِّرُوا tušahhirū	يُشَهِّرُوا yušahhirū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُشَهِّرَ ʔušahhira	تُشَهِّرِي tušahhirī	تُشَهِّرَ tušahhira	تُشَهِّرَا tušahhirā	تُشَهِّرَا tušahhirā	نُشَهِّرَ nušahhira	تُشَهِّرْنَ tušahhirna	يُشَهِّرْنَ yušahhirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُشَهِّرْ ʔušahhir	تُشَهِّرْ tušahhir	يُشَهِّرْ yušahhir	تُشَهِّرَا tušahhirā	يُشَهِّرَا yušahhirā	نُشَهِّرْ nušahhir	تُشَهِّرُوا tušahhirū	يُشَهِّرُوا yušahhirū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُشَهِّرْ ʔušahhir	تُشَهِّرِي tušahhirī	تُشَهِّرْ tušahhir	تُشَهِّرَا tušahhirā	تُشَهِّرَا tušahhirā	نُشَهِّرْ nušahhir	تُشَهِّرْنَ tušahhirna	يُشَهِّرْنَ yušahhirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		شَهِّرْ šahhir		شَهِّرَا šahhirā			شَهِّرُوا šahhirū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		شَهِّرِي šahhirī		شَهِّرَا šahhirā			شَهِّرْنَ šahhirna

passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	شُهِّرْتُ šuhhirtu	شُهِّرْتَ šuhhirta	شُهِّرَ šuhhira	شُهِّرْتُمَا šuhhirtumā	شُهِّرَا šuhhirā	شُهِّرْنَا šuhhirnā	شُهِّرْتُمْ šuhhirtum	شُهِّرُوا šuhhirū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	شُهِّرْتُ šuhhirtu	شُهِّرْتِ šuhhirti	شُهِّرَتْ šuhhirat	شُهِّرْتُمَا šuhhirtumā	شُهِّرَتَا šuhhiratā	شُهِّرْنَا šuhhirnā	شُهِّرْتُنَّ šuhhirtunna	شُهِّرْنَ šuhhirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُشَهَّرُ ʔušahharu	تُشَهَّرُ tušahharu	يُشَهَّرُ yušahharu	تُشَهَّرَانِ tušahharāni	يُشَهَّرَانِ yušahharāni	نُشَهَّرُ nušahharu	تُشَهَّرُونَ tušahharūna	يُشَهَّرُونَ yušahharūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُشَهَّرُ ʔušahharu	تُشَهَّرِينَ tušahharīna	تُشَهَّرُ tušahharu	تُشَهَّرَانِ tušahharāni	تُشَهَّرَانِ tušahharāni	نُشَهَّرُ nušahharu	تُشَهَّرْنَ tušahharna	يُشَهَّرْنَ yušahharna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُشَهَّرَ ʔušahhara	تُشَهَّرَ tušahhara	يُشَهَّرَ yušahhara	تُشَهَّرَا tušahharā	يُشَهَّرَا yušahharā	نُشَهَّرَ nušahhara	تُشَهَّرُوا tušahharū	يُشَهَّرُوا yušahharū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُشَهَّرَ ʔušahhara	تُشَهَّرِي tušahharī	تُشَهَّرَ tušahhara	تُشَهَّرَا tušahharā	تُشَهَّرَا tušahharā	نُشَهَّرَ nušahhara	تُشَهَّرْنَ tušahharna	يُشَهَّرْنَ yušahharna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُشَهَّرْ ʔušahhar	تُشَهَّرْ tušahhar	يُشَهَّرْ yušahhar	تُشَهَّرَا tušahharā	يُشَهَّرَا yušahharā	نُشَهَّرْ nušahhar	تُشَهَّرُوا tušahharū	يُشَهَّرُوا yušahharū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُشَهَّرْ ʔušahhar	تُشَهَّرِي tušahharī	تُشَهَّرْ tušahhar	تُشَهَّرَا tušahharā	تُشَهَّرَا tušahharā	نُشَهَّرْ nušahhar	تُشَهَّرْنَ tušahharna	يُشَهَّرْنَ yušahharna

Etymology

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃahr/
Audio: (file)

Noun

شَهْر • (šahr) m (plural أَشْهُر (ʔašhur) or شُهُور (šuhūr))

verbal noun of شَهَرَ (šahara) (form I)
month (unit of time)
new moon (beginning of the lunar month)
شَهْر الْعَسَل (šahr al-ʕasal, “honeymoon”)

Declension

Declension of noun **شَهْر** (šahr)
singular	basic singular triptote
singular	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شَهْر šahr	الشَّهْر aš-šahr	شَهْر šahr
nominative	شَهْرٌ šahrun	الشَّهْرُ aš-šahru	شَهْرُ šahru
accusative	شَهْرًا šahran	الشَّهْرَ aš-šahra	شَهْرَ šahra
genitive	شَهْرٍ šahrin	الشَّهْرِ aš-šahri	شَهْرِ šahri
dual	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	شَهْرَيْن šahrayn	الشَّهْرَيْن aš-šahrayn	شَهْرَيْ šahray
nominative	شَهْرَانِ šahrāni	الشَّهْرَانِ aš-šahrāni	شَهْرَا šahrā
accusative	شَهْرَيْنِ šahrayni	الشَّهْرَيْنِ aš-šahrayni	شَهْرَيْ šahray
genitive	شَهْرَيْنِ šahrayni	الشَّهْرَيْنِ aš-šahrayni	شَهْرَيْ šahray
plural	basic broken plural triptote
plural	indefinite	definite	construct
informal	أَشْهُر‎; شُهُور ʔašhur‎; šuhūr	الْأَشْهُر‎; الشُّهُور al-ʔašhur‎; aš-šuhūr	أَشْهُر‎; شُهُور ʔašhur‎; šuhūr
nominative	أَشْهُرٌ‎; شُهُورٌ ʔašhurun‎; šuhūrun	الْأَشْهُرُ‎; الشُّهُورُ al-ʔašhuru‎; aš-šuhūru	أَشْهُرُ‎; شُهُورُ ʔašhuru‎; šuhūru
accusative	أَشْهُرًا‎; شُهُورًا ʔašhuran‎; šuhūran	الْأَشْهُرَ‎; الشُّهُورَ al-ʔašhura‎; aš-šuhūra	أَشْهُرَ‎; شُهُورَ ʔašhura‎; šuhūra
genitive	أَشْهُرٍ‎; شُهُورٍ ʔašhurin‎; šuhūrin	الْأَشْهُرِ‎; الشُّهُورِ al-ʔašhuri‎; aš-šuhūri	أَشْهُرِ‎; شُهُورِ ʔašhuri‎; šuhūri

References

Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 186–187
Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “شهر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[1] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 680

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic شَهْر (šahr).

Noun

شهر • (šahr) m (dual شهرين (šahrēn), plural شهور (šuhūr), paucal تشهر (tušhur))

month

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic شَهْر (šahr).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃa.har/

Noun

شهر • (šahar) m (plural شهور (šuhūr))

month

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic شَهْر (šahr).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃhar/
Audio: (file)
Audio: (file)

Noun

شهر • (šhar) m (dual شهرين (šahrayn), plural شهور (šhūr) or شهورة (šhūra))

month

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám

Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štʿy)

Classical Persian bor.

Ottoman Turkish شهر

Borrowed from Persian (šahr, “city, town”).

Noun

شهر • (şehir)

city, a large settlement bigger than a town
Synonyms: كنت (kent), مدینه (medine)
(especially) the chief city or capital of a province

Derived terms

آلاشهر (alaşehir, “town in Manisa province”)
اسكی شهر (eski şehir, “a city in Turkey”)
شهر امینی (şehir emini, “prefect”)
شهر اوغلانی (şehir oğlanı, “street Arab”)
شهربند (şehirbend, “the walls around a city”)
شهرستان (şehirstan, “country full of cities”)
شهرلو (şehirli, “townsman”)
قیر شهری (kır şehri, “Kırşehir, a city and province in Turkey”)
نوشهر (nevşehir, “Nevşehir, a city and province in Turkey”)

Descendants

Turkish: şehir
→ Serbo-Croatian:
- Latin script: šȅher
- Cyrillic script: ше̏хер

Persian

Alternative forms

شار (šâr)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám

Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štʿy)

Persian

Inherited from Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (štry /⁠šahr⁠/) (compare Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (x-š-ç-m /⁠xšaça-⁠/)), from Proto-Iranian *xšaθram, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšatrám. Compare Pashto ښار (ẍâr), Avestan 𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬚𐬭𐬀 (xšaθra) and Sanskrit क्षत्र (kṣatra).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /ˈʃahɾ/

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃäɦɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʃɑːɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʃɔːɾ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃæɦɹ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʃäɦɾ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	šahr
Dari reading^?	šahr
Iranian reading^?	šahr
Tajik reading^?	šahr

Audio (Iran): (file)

Noun

شَهْر • (šahr) (plural شهرها, Tajik spelling шаҳр)

city, town
― bozorgtarin šahr-e irân ― largest city in Iran
(obsolete) land, country, realm
- c. 1011, Abu'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, “The Tale of Rustam and Isfandiyār”, in شاهنامه [Book of Kings]‎^[6]:
  چو او شهر ایران به گشتاسپ داد
  نیامد ترا هیچ زان تخت یاد
  سوی او یکی نامه ننوشته‌ای
  از آرایش بندگی گشته‌ای
  čū ō šahr-i ērān ba guštāsp dād
  nē-āmad tu-rā hēč z-ān taxt yād
  sōy-i ō yakē nāma nē-niwišta'ī
  az ārāyiš-i bandagī gašta'ī
  When he gave the realm of Iran to Gushtāsp,
  You did not remember that throne at all;
  You did not write a single letter to him,
  You turned away from the adornment of vassalage.
  (Classical Persian romanization)

Related terms

ایرانشهر (ērānšahr / irânšahr, “Iran”)
شهر سبز (šahr-i sabz / šahr-e sabz, “Shahrisabz”)
شهر ناو (šahr-i nāw / šahr-e nâv, “Ayutthaya”)
شهرآورد (šahr-āward / šahr-âvard)
شهردار (šahrdār / šahrdâr, “mayor”)
شهرزاد (šahrzād / šahrzâd, “Scheherazade”)
شهرسازی (šahr-sāzī / šahr-sâzi)
شهرستان (šahristān / šahrestân, “province”)
شهرنشین (šahr-nišīn / šahr-nešin)
شهرک (šahrak / šahrak, “town”)
شهری (šahrī / šahri, “civic, urban”)
شهریار (šahryār / šahryâr, “monarch, prince”)

Descendants

Dari: شَهْر (šahr)
Iranian Persian: شَهْر (šahr)
Tajik: шаҳр (šahr)

→ Azerbaijani: şəhər
→ Assamese: চহৰ (sohor)
→ Bengali: শহর (śohor)
→ Crimean Tatar: şeer
→ Dhivehi: ޝަހަރު (šaharu), ސަހަރު (saharu)
→ Gujarati: શહેર (śaher)
→ Gurani: شار (şar)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: शहर (śahar)

Urdu: شَہْر (śahr)
→ Karachay-Balkar: шахар (şaxar)
→ Kazakh: шаһар (şahar)
→ Kumyk: шагьар (şahar)
→ Kyrgyz: шаар (şaar)
→ Marathi: शहर (śahar)
→ Nepali: सहर (sahar)
→ Ottoman Turkish: شهر (şehir) (see there for further descendants)
→ Odia: ସହର (sahara)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਸ਼ਹਿਰ (śahir)

Shahmukhi script: شہر (śahir)
→ Uyghur: شەھەر (sheher)
→ Uzbek: shahar

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic شَهْر (šahr).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃahr/, [ˈʃa.h(ɪ)r]
Audio (Amman): (file)

Noun

شهر • (šahr) m (plural أشهر (ʔašhor) or شهور (šhūr))

month

Tunisian Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic شَهْر (šahr).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃhar/

Noun

شهر (šhar) m (dual شهرين (šahrīn), plural أشهرة (ušhra))

month

Gregorian calendar months in Moroccan Arabic · شهور التقويم الميلادي (šhūr et-taqwīm el-mīlādi) (layout · text)
January	February	March	April
شهر واحد (šhar wāḥid) يناير (yanāyir)	شهر جوج (šhar jūj) فبراير (fibrāyir)	شهر تلاتة (šhar tlāta) مارس (māris)	شهر ربعة (šhar rabʕa) أبريل (abrīl)
May	June	July	August
شهر خمسة (šhar ḵamsa) ماي (māy)	شهر ستة (šhar sitta) يونيو (yūnyu)	شهر سبعة (šhar sabʕa) يوليوز (yūlyūz)	شهر تمنية (šhar tmanya) غشت (ḡušt)
September	October	November	December
شهر تسعة (šhar tisʕa) شهر تسعود (šhar tisʕūd) شتنبر (šutanbir)	شهر عشرة (šhar ʕašra) أكتوبر (ʔuktūbar)	شهر حداش (šhar ḥdāš) نونبر (nuwanbir)	شهر تناش (šhar tnāš) دجنبر (dujanbir)

Gregorian calendar months in South Levantine Arabic · أشهر التقويم الميلادي (ʔašhor it-taqwīm il-mīlādi) (layout · text)
January	February	March	April
شهر واحد (šahr wāḥad), كانون التاني (kānūn it-tāni)	شهر تنين (šahr tnēn), شباط (šbāṭ)	شهر تلاتة (šahr talāte), آذار (ʔāḏār)	شهر أربعة (šahr arbaʕa), نيسان (nīsān)
May	June	July	August
شهر خمسة (šahr ḵamse), أيّار (ʔayyār)	شهر ستّة (šahr sitte), حزيران (ḥazīrān)	شهر سبعة (šahr sabʕa), تمّوز (tammūz)	شهر تمانية (šahr tamanye), آب (ʔāb)
September	October	November	December
شهر تسعة (šahr tisʕa), أيلول (ʔēlūl)	شهر عشرة (šahr ʕašara), تشرين الأوّل (tišrīn il-ʔawwal)	شهر حدعش (šahr ḥdaʕš), تشرين التاني (tišrīn it-tāni)	شهر تنعش (šahr tnaʕš), كانون الأوّل (kānūn il-ʔawwal)

Gregorian calendar months in Tunisian Arabic · أشهرة سوري (layout · text)
January	February	March	April
جانفي	فيفري	مارس	أفريل
May	June	July	August
ماي	جوان	جويلية	أوت
September	October	November	December
سبتمبر	أكتوبر	نوفمبر	ديسمبر

Arabic

Etymology 1.1

Pronunciation 1

Verb

Conjugation

Pronunciation 2

Etymology 1.2

Verb

Conjugation

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

References

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology

Noun

Hijazi Arabic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

See also

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

See also

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

Persian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Related terms

Descendants

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

See also

Tunisian Arabic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

See also