むら

Japanese

Etymology 1

Alternative spellings
群
叢 (uncommon)
簇 (rare)

Analyzed by some references as an alternative form[1] or older form[2] of 群れ (mure, “a group, a gathering”), itself traceable to classical verb 群(む)る (muru, “to gather, to group together”), modern form 群れる (mureru).

First cited in the Kojiki of 712.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [mɯ̟ɾa̠]

Noun

むら • (mura) 

  1. 群, 叢, 簇: gathering, grouping

Affix

むら • (mura) 

  1. 群, 叢, 簇: gathering, grouping
Usage notes

Often found as a compounding element, as either prefix as in Old Japanese 群山 (murayama, “mountain range, group of mountains”) or suffix as in Old Japanese 家群 (ipemura, “group of houses, settlement, village”).

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of むら – see the following entry.
【村】1
[noun] village (a rural habitation of size between a hamlet and a town)
Alternative spelling
𨛗
(This term, むら (mura), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.)
For a list of all kanji read as むら, see Category:Japanese kanji read as むら.)

Etymology 3

Alternative spellings
斑
ムラ

Ultimate derivation unknown. Perhaps sound-symbolic.

First cited to a text from 1275.[3]

Pronunciation

Noun

むら or ムラ • (mura) 

  1. 斑: a design like marble or spots
  2. (by extension) having variation or fluctuation
    むらがある
    mura ga aru
    uneven, variable
    むらがない
    mura ga nai
    even, uniform
    回(かい)転(てん)むら
    kaiten mura
    unsteady rotation

References

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  3. ^ “斑”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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