叢
| ||||||||
Translingual
Han character
叢 (Kangxi radical 29, 又+16, 18 strokes, cangjie input 廿金廿水 (TCTE), four-corner 32147, composition ⿱丵取)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 167, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3220
- Dae Jaweon: page 379, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 402, character 15
- Unihan data for U+53E2
Chinese
| trad. | 叢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 丛 | |
| alternative forms | 从 variant and 1955 Draft Simplified 樷 ancient and ROC simp. 藂 欉 variant and Min Nan vernacular 菆 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 叢 | |
|---|---|
| Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Qin slip script | Small seal script |
Characters in the same phonetic series (取) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 陬 | *ʔsloː, *ʔsru, *ʔslo |
| 棷 | *ʔsloː, *sʰloːʔ, *sloːʔ, *ʔsru |
| 掫 | *ʔsloː, *ʔsruʔ, *ʔslo |
| 緅 | *ʔsloː, *ʔsru, *slos |
| 趣 | *sʰloːʔ, *sʰlos |
| 取 | *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ |
| 鯫 | *zloː, *zloːʔ, *sʰlo |
| 棸 | *rlu, *rluʔ, *ʔsru |
| 鄹 | *ʔsru, *zloʔ, *ljoːnʔ |
| 郰 | *ʔsru |
| 齱 | *ʔsru, *sʰroːɡ |
| 菆 | *ʔsru, *sʰros, *zloːn |
| 箃 | *ʔsru |
| 黀 | *ʔsru |
| 驟 | *zrus |
| 最 | *zloːds |
| 襊 | *sʰoːds, *sʰoːd |
| 蕞 | *zoːds |
| 嘬 | *sʰroːds |
| 諏 | *ʔslo |
| 娵 | *ʔslo |
| 娶 | *sʰloʔ, *sʰlos, *slo |
| 聚 | *zloʔ, *zlos |
| 埾 | *zlos |
| 藂 | *zloːŋ |
| 叢 | *zloːŋ |
| 繓 | *ʔsoːd |
| 撮 | *ʔsoːd, *sʰoːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zloːŋ): semantic 丵 + phonetic 取 (OC *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ).
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *C-tsəw-k/ŋ (“to collect; to gather; to assemble”). Cognate with 聚 (OC *zloʔ, *zlos, “to collect; to store”), 族 (OC *zoːɡ, “clan”), 最 (OC *zloːds, “to collect; most”), 稯 (OC *ʔsoːŋ, “sheaf; bundle”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): co̤̿ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): cùng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zon
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: cóng
- Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cóng
- Wade–Giles: tsʻung2
- Yale: tsúng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsorng
- Palladius: цун (cun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: cōng
- Zhuyin: ㄘㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: cong
- Wade–Giles: tsʻung1
- Yale: tsūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsong
- Palladius: цун (cun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cung4
- Yale: chùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsung4
- Guangdong Romanization: cung4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: tuung3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɵŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhùng
- Hakka Romanization System: cungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cung2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: cung2
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰʊŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: co̤̿ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chông / châng
- Tâi-lô: tsông / tsâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: zoong, zaang
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sɔŋ²⁴/, /t͡saŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɔŋ²⁴/, /t͡saŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɔŋ¹³/, /t͡saŋ¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sɔŋ²⁴/, /t͡saŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sɔŋ²³/, /t͡saŋ²³/
- (Hokkien)
Note:
- chông - literary;
- châng - vernacular (classifier for trees).
- Middle Chinese: dzuwng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*dzˤoŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*zloːŋ/
Definitions
叢
- to collect; to gather; to assemble; to crowd together
- bush; shrub; thicket; grove
- collection; crowd
- (Northern Min, Southern Min) Classifier for plants.
- (Hokkien) Classifier for long objects.
- a surname
Synonyms
- (classifier for plants):
Dialectal synonyms of 棵 (“(classifier for plants)”) [map]
- (classifier for long objects):
Dialectal synonyms of 把 (“(classifier for knives)”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 支 (“(classifier for cigarettes)”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 支 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 根兒, 顆, 支 |
| Taiwan | 根 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 顆, 根兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 根兒, 支 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 杆 |
| Wuhan | 根 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 根, 支 |
| Hefei | 根 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 支 |
| Hong Kong | 支, 飛 | |
| Yangjiang | 支 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 根 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 支 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 根, 支 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 支, 筒 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 條 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 支, 叢 |
| Tainan | 支 | |
| Chaozhou | 支 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 根, 支 |
| Wenzhou | 支 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 根 |
| Shuangfeng | 根 | |
Dialectal synonyms of 支 (“(classifier for pens or pencils)”) [map]
Compounds
- 並頭叢 / 并头丛
- 人叢 / 人丛 (réncóng)
- 刀叢 / 刀丛
- 叢倒 / 丛倒
- 叢倚 / 丛倚
- 叢冗 / 丛冗
- 叢冢 / 丛冢 (cóngzhǒng)
- 叢刊 / 丛刊 (cóngkān)
- 叢刻 / 丛刻
- 叢劇 / 丛剧
- 叢叢 / 丛丛
- 叢報 / 丛报
- 叢塗 / 丛涂
- 叢塊根 / 丛块根
- 叢夥 / 丛伙
- 叢委 / 丛委
- 叢密 / 丛密
- 叢射 / 丛射
- 叢山峻嶺 / 丛山峻岭
- 叢巧 / 丛巧
- 叢帖 / 丛帖
- 叢龐 / 丛庞
- 叢怨 / 丛怨
- 叢悴 / 丛悴
- 叢悲 / 丛悲
- 叢惡 / 丛恶
- 叢戰 / 丛战
- 叢手 / 丛手
- 叢擁 / 丛拥
- 叢攢 / 丛攒
- 叢書 / 丛书 (cóngshū)
- 叢曹劇部 / 丛曹剧部
- 叢木 / 丛木
- 叢林 / 丛林 (cónglín)
- 叢植 / 丛植
- 叢棘 / 丛棘
- 叢殘 / 丛残
- 叢殘小語 / 丛残小语
- 叢毛 / 丛毛
- 叢沓 / 丛沓
- 叢泊 / 丛泊
- 叢湊 / 丛凑
- 叢滋 / 丛滋
- 叢灌 / 丛灌
- 叢然 / 丛然
- 叢煩 / 丛烦
- 叢物 / 丛物
- 叢猥 / 丛猥
- 叢玉 / 丛玉
- 叢瑣 / 丛琐
- 叢生 / 丛生 (cóngshēng)
- 叢生葉 / 丛生叶
- 叢社 / 丛社
- 叢祠 / 丛祠
- 叢穢 / 丛秽
- 叢箐 / 丛箐
- 叢箭 / 丛箭
- 叢篁 / 丛篁
- 叢篠 / 丛筱
- 叢簇 / 丛簇
- 叢糅 / 丛糅
- 叢細 / 丛细
- 叢緻 / 丛致
- 叢繁 / 丛繁
- 叢繆 / 丛缪
- 叢翳 / 丛翳
- 叢聚 / 丛聚
- 叢育 / 丛育
- 叢脞 / 丛脞 (cóngcuǒ)
- 叢臺 / 丛台 (Cóngtái)
- 叢芳 / 丛芳
- 叢芮 / 丛芮
- 叢茂 / 丛茂
- 叢莽 / 丛莽 (cóngmǎng)
- 叢萃 / 丛萃
- 叢菅 / 丛菅
- 叢葆 / 丛葆
- 叢葬 / 丛葬
- 叢蓍 / 丛蓍
- 叢蔚 / 丛蔚
- 叢蕪 / 丛芜
- 叢薄 / 丛薄
- 叢薈 / 丛荟
- 叢蘭 / 丛兰
- 叢談 / 丛谈
- 叢豔 / 丛艳
- 叢輕折軸 / 丛轻折轴
- 叢辰 / 丛辰
- 叢遽 / 丛遽
- 叢重 / 丛重
- 叢錯 / 丛错
- 叢雀淵魚 / 丛雀渊鱼
- 叢集 / 丛集 (cóngjí)
- 叢雜 / 丛杂 (cóngzá)
- 叢雨 / 丛雨
- 叢雲 / 丛云
- 叢霄 / 丛霄
- 叢顇 / 丛悴
- 叢駢 / 丛骈
- 孔叢子 / 孔丛子 (Kǒngcóngzǐ)
- 密叢叢 / 密丛丛
- 密密叢叢 / 密密丛丛
- 巑叢 / 𰏁丛
- 幽叢 / 幽丛
- 拔叢 / 拔丛
- 拔叢出類 / 拔丛出类
- 攢叢 / 攒丛
- 新民叢報 / 新民丛报
- 春叢 / 春丛
- 林叢 / 林丛 (líncóng)
- 枯叢 / 枯丛
- 柳陌花叢 / 柳陌花丛
- 桂叢 / 桂丛
- 棘叢 / 棘丛
- 榛叢 / 榛丛
- 樹叢 / 树丛 (shùcóng)
- 水泥叢林 / 水泥丛林 (shuǐní cónglín)
- 深叢 / 深丛
- 淵魚叢爵 / 渊鱼丛爵
- 灌叢 / 灌丛
- 為叢敺雀 / 为丛驱雀 (wèicóngqūquè)
- 為叢驅雀 / 为丛驱雀 (wèicóngqūquè)
- 玉叢 / 玉丛
- 珍叢 / 珍丛
- 百弊叢生 / 百弊丛生
- 百病叢生 / 百病丛生
- 神叢 / 神丛
- 窠叢 / 窠丛
- 笙叢 / 笙丛
- 籍叢 / 籍丛
- 籠叢 / 笼丛
- 綠叢 / 绿丛
- 綺羅叢 / 绮罗丛
- 芳叢 / 芳丛
- 花叢 / 花丛 (huācóng)
- 花柳叢 / 花柳丛
- 草叢 / 草丛 (cǎocóng)
- 蟠青叢翠 / 蟠青丛翠
- 蠶叢 / 蚕丛
- 蠹叢 / 蠹丛
- 蠶叢路 / 蚕丛路
- 蠶叢鳥道 / 蚕丛鸟道
- 談叢 / 谈丛
- 諸務叢脞 / 诸务丛脞
- 豔叢 / 艳丛
- 連叢 / 连丛
- 野草叢生 / 野草丛生
- 雜草叢生 / 杂草丛生
- 霜叢 / 霜丛
- 青叢 / 青丛
- 髻叢 / 髻丛
- 鬧叢叢 / 闹丛丛
- 鬱叢叢 / 郁丛丛
- 黑叢叢 / 黑丛丛
References
- “叢”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00479
Japanese
Kanji
叢
Readings
- Go-on: ず (zu)
- Kan-on: そう (sō)
- Kan’yō-on: ぞう (zō)
- Kun: くさむら (kusamura, 叢)、むらがる (muragaru, 叢がる)、むら (mura, 叢)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 叢 |
| くさむら Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 叢 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 叢, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 叢 |
| むら Jinmeiyō |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 叢 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 叢, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.) |
Korean
Hanja
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
Han character
叢: Hán Nôm readings: tòng, tùng
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.