勒
| ||||||||
| ||||||||
Translingual
Han character
勒 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿十大尸 (TJKS), four-corner 44527, composition ⿰革力)
Derived characters
- 嘞 𰃃 𱬀
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 148, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2386
- Dae Jaweon: page 333, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 374, character 1
- Unihan data for U+52D2
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
勒 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (力) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rɯːɡ): semantic 革 + phonetic 力 (OC *rɯɡ). Bridles are made of leather.
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): lak6 / laak6
- Eastern Min (BUC): lĕk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 8leq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: lè
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄜˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lè
- Wade–Giles: lê4
- Yale: lè
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leh
- Palladius: лэ (lɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɤ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: lēi
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄟ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lei
- Wade–Giles: lei1
- Yale: lēi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lhei
- Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /leɪ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Note: lēi - vernacular (“to tie tight”) - lè - literary (other senses).
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: lak6 / laak6
- Yale: lahk / laahk
- Cantonese Pinyin: lak9 / laak9
- Guangdong Romanization: leg6 / lag6
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɐk̚²/, /laːk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k
- Tâi-lô: li̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: lek
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɪk̚⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
- Tâi-lô: lia̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: liak
- IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liak
- Tâi-lô: liak
- Phofsit Daibuun: liag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍k
- Tâi-lô: la̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: lak
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lek
- Tâi-lô: lik
- Phofsit Daibuun: leg
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: leh
- Tâi-lô: leh
- Phofsit Daibuun: leq
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /leʔ³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍h
- Tâi-lô: le̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: leh
- IPA (Xiamen): /leʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
Note:
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: lok
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤək/
- (Zhengzhang): /*rɯːɡ/
Definitions
勒
- (literary) bridle (headgear for a horse)
- to rein in; to restrain
- to compel; to force; to coerce
- to halter; to headstall
- (literary) to command; to lead; to lay out (forces)
- (colloquial) to strap tightly; to bind tight; to strangle; to tighten
- to restrict; to limit
- (literary) to cut; to carve; to engrave
- to compile; to bind (to make a book)
- to write; to draw; to depict
- to extort; to blackmail
- to tantalise; to provoke
- short for 勒克斯 (lèkèsī, “lux”)
- (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to roll up one's sleeves or trousers
- (Xiamen Hokkien) to use one's hand to straighten up something
- (Quanzhou Hokkien) to make a pleat
- a respelling of the French patronymic le
Synonyms
- (to carve):
Compounds
- 克克拉去考勒 (Kèkèlāqùkǎolè)
- 克勒特
- 克孜勒蘇 / 克孜勒苏 (Kèzīlèsū)
- 列寧格勒 / 列宁格勒 (Liènínggélè)
- 加依提勒克 (Jiāyītílèkè)
- 加勒比海 (Jiālèbǐ Hǎi)
- 勒交
- 勒令 (lèlìng)
- 勒休
- 勒住
- 勒借
- 勒停
- 勒克司
- 勒兵 (lèbīng)
- 勒口
- 勒子
- 勒尤 (lèyóu)
- 勒戒 (lèjiè)
- 勒抑 (lèyì)
- 勒拿河 (Lèná Hé)
- 勒掯
- 勒斃 / 勒毙
- 勒死
- 勒派 (lèpài)
- 勒狀 / 勒状
- 勒石 (lèshí)
- 勒碑
- 勒索 (lèsuǒ)
- 勒緊 / 勒紧
- 勒緊褲帶 / 勒紧裤带 (lēijǐn kùdài)
- 勒詐 / 勒诈
- 勒贖 / 勒赎 (lèshú)
- 勒迫
- 勒逼 (lèbī)
- 勒里勒得
- 勒銘 / 勒铭
- 勒銜 / 勒衔
- 勒開 / 勒开
- 勒限
- 勒馬 / 勒马 (lèmǎ)
- 勒馬懸崖 / 勒马悬崖
- 勒魚 / 勒鱼 (lèyú)
- 勾勒 (gōulè)
- 古勒巴格 (Gǔlèbāgé)
- 吐曼塔勒 (Tǔmàntǎlè)
- 呼畢勒罕 / 呼毕勒罕 (hūbìlèhǎn)
- 喀勒塔吐格曼 (Kālètǎtùgémàn)
- 喬勒潘 / 乔勒潘 (Qiáolèpān)
- 夏普吐勒 (Xiàpǔtǔlè)
- 夏馬勒巴格 / 夏马勒巴格 (Xiàmǎlèbāgé)
- 多羅貝勒 / 多罗贝勒 (duōluó bèilè)
- 大格勒 (Dàgélè)
- 奧勒岡州 / 奥勒冈州
- 巴勒摩
- 巴勒斯坦 (Bālèsītǎn)
- 布勒斯特
- 希吾勒 (Xīwúlè)
- 庫勒山 / 库勒山
- 庫拉木勒克 / 库拉木勒克 (Kùlāmùlèkè)
- 庫爾勒 / 库尔勒 (Kù'ěrlè)
- 強勒 / 强勒
- 彌勒 / 弥勒 (Mílè)
- 懸崖勒馬 / 悬崖勒马 (xuányálèmǎ)
- 托依堡勒迪 (Tuōyī Bǎolèdí)
- 抑勒
- 掯勒
- 擄人勒贖 / 掳人勒赎
- 敕勒
- 敕勒歌
- 敲詐勒索 / 敲诈勒索 (qiāozhàlèsuǒ)
- 泰勒制度
- 烏魯卻勒 / 乌鲁却勒 (Wūlǔquèlè)
- 玉勒
- 玉勒雕鞍
- 瓊庫勒 / 琼库勒 (Qióngkùlè)
- 疏勒 (Shūlè)
- 皮拉勒 (Pílālè)
- 磨勒
- 策勒 (Cèlè)
- 羅勒 / 罗勒 (luólè)
- 羈勒 / 羁勒 (jīlè)
- 臨崖勒馬 / 临崖勒马
- 色格孜庫勒 / 色格孜库勒 (Sègézī Kùlè)
- 薩利吉勒干南庫勒 / 萨利吉勒干南库勒 (Sàlìjílègānnánkùlè)
- 薩勒吾則克 / 萨勒吾则克 (Sàlèwúzékè)
- 要勒
- 訶梨勒 / 诃梨勒
- 貝爾格勒 / 贝尔格勒 (Bèi'ěrgélè)
- 賽普勒斯 / 赛普勒斯 (Sàipǔlèsī)
- 轡勒 / 辔勒
- 逼勒 (bīlè)
- 邀勒
- 那不勒斯 (Nàbùlèsī)
- 部勒
- 郭勒木德 (Guōlèmùdé)
- 金勒
- 鉤勒 / 钩勒 (gōulè)
- 銜勒 / 衔勒
- 錫林郭勒 / 锡林郭勒 (xīlínguōlè)
- 鐵勒 / 铁勒 (Tiělè)
- 阿依庫勒 / 阿依库勒 (Āyīkùlè)
- 阿勃勒
- 阿恰勒 (Āqiàlè)
- 阿熱勒 / 阿热勒 (Ārèlè)
- 革勒車 / 革勒车 (Gélèchē)
Etymology 2
From 在 (MC dzojX) (Dai, 2004). Compare 哉 > 了. Cognate with 垃 (laq).
Pronunciation
Definitions
勒 (Northern Wu)
- to be at; to be in
- at; in
- the process of; currently (used to indicate the continuous aspect)
- -ed; used to indicate the perfective aspect
Synonyms
- (at):
Dialectal synonyms of 在 (“at, in”) [map]
- (the process of):
Dialectal synonyms of 正在 (“in the process of; currently”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 正在, 刻正 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 正在, 在 |
| Taiwan | 正在, 在 | |
| Malaysia | 正在, 在 | |
| Singapore | 正在, 在 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 在 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處 |
| Hong Kong | 喺度, 喺處, 響度, 響處 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 喺度 | |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 當, 在該, 當在 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 當, 在該 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 當, 在該 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 當, 在該 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 當, 在該 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 正在, 在遐 | |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 著𡅏, 𡅏 |
| Fuqing | 著𡅏 | |
| Singapore (Fuqing) | 著𡅏 | |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧 |
| Quanzhou | 佇咧, 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 拄佇咧 | |
| Zhangzhou | 咧, 當咧, 拄咧, 當時 | |
| Tainan | 佇咧, 咧, 當咧 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 佇 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 佇, 佇咧 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 佇咧, 咧 | |
| Shantou | 在 | |
| Shantou (Chaoyang) | 在 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 在 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 垃, 垃垃, 垃拉, 垃海, 垃該 |
| Ningbo | 來, 來的, 來該, 來當, 來東, 來勒 | |
| Wenzhou | 是, 是搭 | |
Dialectal synonyms of 著 (“(particle indicating the continuation of an action or a state)”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 著 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 著 |
| Taiwan | 著 | |
| Harbin | 著 | |
| Singapore | 著 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 著 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 著 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 著 |
| Xi'an | 著 | |
| Xuzhou | 著 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 倒 |
| Guiyang | 倒 | |
| Guilin | 倒 | |
| Liuzhou | 倒, 穩 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 著 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 緊 |
| Hong Kong | 緊 | |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 緊, 住 | |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 緊 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 倒 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 等 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 等 | |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 等 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 等 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 緊 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 等 | |
| Kuching (Hepo) | 緊 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 著 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 緊 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 勒海, 勒該 |
| Hangzhou | 勒 | |
| Ningbo | 的, 該, 當, 東, 仔, 勒眼 | |
| Zhoushan | 底, 的 rare, 該, 當, 仔, 勒眼 | |
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: lei
- Zhuyin: ˙ㄌㄟ
- Tongyong Pinyin: le̊i
- Wade–Giles: lei5
- Yale: lei
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .lei
- Palladius: лэй (lɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /leɪ̯/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
勒
Etymology 4
| For pronunciation and definitions of 勒 – see 捩 (“(Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to pick up something with one's fingertips, especially with one's thumb and forefinger”). (This character is a variant form of 捩). |
References
- “勒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
勒
- halter and bit
Readings
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 勒 |
| ろく Hyōgai |
| on'yomi |
Middle Chinese 勒 (lok)
Pronunciation
Noun
勒 • (roku)
- bit (metal in horse's mouth)
- (calligraphy) the horizontal stroke; the second of the Eight Principles of Yong
References
Korean
Hanja
勒 (eumhun 굴레 륵 (gulle reuk), word-initial (South Korea) 굴레 늑 (gulle neuk))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
Han character
勒: Hán Nôm readings: lặc, lắc, lấc, lật, lất
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.