基

基 U+57FA, 基
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57FA
← 培
[U+57F9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 埻 →
[U+57FB]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

基 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿金土 (TCG), four-corner 44104, composition ⿱其土)

Derived characters

Additional Derived Characters
  • 𠼻, 𪤏, 𡻸, 𣻺, 𨼂, 𥕛, 𮃤, 𫌊, 𦪆, 𧫠, 𨄎, 𲆺, 𮸞, 𭐊, 𭶽
  • 𫮱, 𡪈, 𦸀, 𪷲

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 231, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5197
  • Dae Jaweon: page 468, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 449, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+57FA

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 基
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (其) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
基 *kɯ
箕 *kɯ
朞 *kɯ
稘 *kɯ
萁 *kɯ, *ɡɯ
期 *kɯ, *ɡɯ
諅 *kɯ, *ɡɯs
其 *kɯ, *ɡɯ
錤 *kɯ, *ɡɯ
諆 *kɯ, *kʰɯ
欺 *kʰɯ
娸 *kʰɯ
魌 *kʰɯ
僛 *kʰɯ
唭 *kʰɯs
棋 *ɡɯ
旗 *ɡɯ
淇 *ɡɯ
祺 *ɡɯ, *ɡɯ
琪 *ɡɯ
騏 *ɡɯ
綦 *ɡɯ
麒 *ɡɯ
蜞 *ɡɯ
綨 *ɡɯ
蜝 *ɡɯ
棊 *ɡɯ
碁 *ɡɯ
鯕 *ɡɯ
踑 *ɡɯ
藄 *ɡɯ
櫀 *ɡɯ
璂 *ɡɯ
禥 *ɡɯ
惎 *ɡɯs
帺 *ɡɯs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kɯ): phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ) + semantic 土 (“earth”) – a foundation of earth.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.
 基
alternative forms
𡉊
𡉨
𡉝
𡋵
踑
𡉊
𡉨
𡉝
𡋵
踑
𨄎
 

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 基
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居之切
Baxter ki
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɨ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kɨ/
Li
Rong 		/kiə/
Wang
Li 		/kĭə/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ki/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gei1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 基
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ki ›
Old
Chinese 		/*k(r)ə/
English base (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 基
Reading # 1/1
No. 9930
Phonetic
component 		其
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		姬
Old
Chinese 		/*kɯ/

Definitions

基

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) foot of a wall; foundation
  2. base of any building; foundations; basis
  3. (figurative) basis; foundation; base
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to lay a foundation
  5. cardinal; basic; capital; fundamental
  6. (chemistry) radical; group
  7. (linear algebra) basis (Classifier: 組／组 m; 個／个 m)
  8. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) alternative form of 朞 (“whole year, month or day”)
  9. short for 基隆 (Jīlóng, “Keelung”)
    北北基  ―  Běi Běi Jī  ―  Taipei, New Taipei and Keelung
  10. a surname
  11. Used in transcription.
    巴基斯坦  ―  Bājīsītǎn  ―  Pakistan
    基辅  ―  Jīfǔ  ―  Kiev
    愛斯基摩／爱斯基摩  ―  Àisījīmó  ―  Eskimo

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
 基
alternative forms 㚻
gay

Borrowed from English gay, via Cantonese.

Pronunciation

Definitions

基

  1. (neologism, slang) gay; homosexual (noun)
    搞基  ―  gǎojī  ―  to be gay; to engage in homosexual activities
    基吧 [Cantonese]  ―  gei1 baa1 [Jyutping]  ―  gay bar
  2. (neologism, slang) gay; homosexual (adjective)
    基友  ―  jīyǒu  ―  gay buddy

Synonyms

  • (Hong Kong Cantonese) hehe
  • (feminine connotation) 姬 (jī)

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

基

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. base
  2. be based on

Readings

  • Go-on: こ (ko)
  • Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
  • Kun: もと (moto, 基, Jōyō)、もとい (motoi, 基, Jōyō)←もとゐ (motowi, 基, historical)、もとづく (motozuku, 基づく)
  • Nanori: のり (nori)、はじむ (hajimu)、はじめ (hajime)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
基
もとい
Grade: 5
kun'yomi

Noun

基(もとい) • (motoi) ←もとゐ (motowi)?

  1. foundation[1]
  2. reason

Proper noun

基(もとい) • (Motoi) 

  1. a male given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 2

Noun

Kanji in this term
基
もと
Grade: 5
kun'yomi

基(もと) • (moto) 

  1. alternative form of 元
  2. (chemistry) a group; a radical

Etymology 3

Affix

基(き) • (ki) 

  1. foundation; base; basis
  2. (chemistry) a group; a radical
    アミノ基 ― aminoki ― an amino group

Counter

基(き) • (-ki) 

  1. counter for grounded things (e.g. pyramids, electric power plants, wells, toro (Japanese traditional lantern), tombs)
  2. counter for wooden grave tablets (卒塔婆 (sotoba))

References

  1. ^ “基”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

Korean

Hanja

基 (eumhun 터 기 (teo gi))

  1. hanja form? of 기 (“foundation; basis”)

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

基: Hán Nôm readings: cơ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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