山東

See also: 山东

Chinese

	mountain; hill	east
trad. (山東)	山	東
simp. (山东)	山	东
anagram	東山／东山
Literally: “east of the mountain”.

Etymology

Shandong: So named as it lies on the east of the Taihang Mountains.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Shāndōng

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄢㄉㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saan¹ dung¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Sân-tûng

(Hailu, HRS): san^ˋ dung^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): san¹ dung¹
Northern Min (KCR): Suíng-dóng
Eastern Min (BUC): Săng-dĕ̤ng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sang¹ dorng¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Soaⁿ-tang

(Teochew, Peng'im): suan¹ dang¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹se-ton

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Shāndōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢㄉㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Shandong
  - Wade–Giles: Shan¹-tung¹
  - Yale: Shān-dūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shandong
  - Palladius: Шаньдун (Šanʹdun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: saan¹ dung¹
  - Yale: sāan dūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saan¹ dung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: san¹ dung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn⁵⁵ tʊŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sân-tûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: san^ˊ dung^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: san¹ dung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /san²⁴⁻¹¹ tuŋ²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: san^ˋ dung^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /san⁵³ tuŋ⁵³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: san¹ dung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /san⁴⁴ tʊŋ⁴⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Suíng-dóng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /suiŋ⁵⁴ tɔŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Săng-dĕ̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ⁵⁵ ^(t-)nøyŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sang¹ dorng¹ [Phonetic: sang⁵ norng¹]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Sang-do̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬaŋ⁵³³⁻¹¹ ^(t-)nɒŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sang¹ dorng¹ [Phonetic: sang⁵ norng¹]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬaŋ⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ ^(t-)nɒŋ⁵⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Soaⁿ-tang
  - Tâi-lô: Suann-tang
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svoa'dafng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /suã³³ taŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² taŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ taŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: suan¹ dang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suaⁿ tang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sũã³³⁻²³ taŋ³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹se-ton
  - MiniDict: se^平 ton
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹se-ton
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /se⁵⁵ toŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: srean tuwng

Rime
Character	山	東
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	山 (73)	東 (1)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	所閒切	德紅切
Baxter	srean	tuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠɛn/	/tuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚæn/	/tuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃæn/	/tuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂəɨn/	/təwŋ/
Li Rong	/ʃɛn/	/tuŋ/
Wang Li	/ʃæn/	/tuŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʂăn/	/tuŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān	dōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	saan¹	dung¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-ŋrar tˤoŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*sreːn toːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	山	東
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shān	dōng
Middle Chinese	‹ srɛn ›	‹ tuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*s-ŋrar/	/tˁoŋ/ (< tˁoŋʔ ?)
English	mountain, hill	east
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	山	東
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11052	2435
Phonetic component	山	東
Rime group	元	東
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	山	東
Old Chinese	/*sreːn/	/*toːŋ/
Notes		種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽，參敕字陳字注

Proper noun

山東

(～省) Shandong (a coastal province in eastern China)
(historical, specifically) a geographical area to the east of Hangu Pass
(historical, specifically) a geographical area to the east of the Taihang Mountains
(historical, specifically) a geographical area to the east of Mount Hua

Synonyms

(Shandong): 齊魯／齐鲁 (Qílǔ)

Derived terms

山東半島 / 山东半岛 (Shāndōng Bàndǎo)
山東梆子 / 山东梆子
山東棒子 / 山东棒子 (Shāndōng bàngzi)
山東粉 / 山东粉
山東龍 / 山东龙

Descendants

→ English: Shandong
→ Manchu: ᡧᠠᠨᡩᡠᠩ (šandung)

Noun

山東

east of the mountain (in general)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
山	東
さん Grade: 1	とう Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 山東 (MC srean tuwng).

Alternative forms

山東(シャンドン) (Shandon)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sã̠nto̞ː]

Proper noun

山(さん)東(とう) • (Santō) ^{←さんとう (Santou)^?}

Shandong (a coastal province in eastern China)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
山	東
しゃん Grade: 1	どん Grade: 2
irregular

From Mandarin 山東 / 山东 (Shāndōng).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɕã̠ndõ̞ɴ]

Proper noun

山東(シャンドン) • (Shandon)

alternative form of 山東 (Santō): Shandong (a coastal province in eastern China)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
山	東
さん Grade: 1	とう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [sã̠nto̞ː]

Proper noun

山(さん)東(とう) • (Santō) ^{←さんとう (Santou)^?}

(obsolete) east of the Rockies (a geographical region of the United States)

Korean

Hanja in this term
山	東

Proper noun

山東 • (Sandong) (hangeul 산동)

hanja form^? of 산동 : Shandong (a coastal province in eastern China)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
山	東

Proper noun

山東

chữ Hán form of Sơn Đông: Shandong (a coastal province in eastern China)