強いる

Japanese

Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
彊いる

Etymology

⟨sipu⟩⟨sipuru⟩/ɕiɸuɾu//ɕiɸɨɾu//ɕiwiɾu//ɕiiɾu/

From Old Japanese 強ふ (sipu), following 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, upper bigrade conjugation).

Related to ()いる (shiiru, to slander; to defame).[1] Possibly related to 癈いる (shiiru, to lose function (said of body organs)).(Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「強いる
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
強いる [shìíꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 強いろ [shìíꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive 強いられる いられ [shìíráréꜜrù]
Causative 強いさせる いさせ [shìísáséꜜrù]
Potential 強いられる いられ [shìíráréꜜrù]
Volitional 強いよう いよ [shìíyóꜜò]
Negative 強いない ない [shìíꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 強いなかった なかった [shìíꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 強います いま [shìímáꜜsù]
Perfective 強いた いた [shíꜜìtà]
Conjunctive 強いて いて [shíꜜìtè]
Hypothetical conditional 強いれば れば [shìíꜜrèbà]

Verb

()いる • (shiiruしひる (sifiru)?transitive ichidan (stem () (shii), past ()いた (shiita))

  1. to compel, compulse, force
    Synonym: 強制する (kyōsei suru)

Conjugation

Derived terms

  • ()いて (shiite)
  • ()いる (shiiru)
  • ()(ごと) (shiigoto)
  • ()(ざかな) (shiizakana)
  • ()()ける (shiitsukeru)
  • (こわ)() (kowajii)
  • ()()() (murijii)

References

  1. ^ 誣いる”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN