彗
See also: 篲
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Translingual
Han character
彗 (Kangxi radical 58, 彐+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手十尸一 (QJSM), four-corner 55174, composition ⿱⿰丰丰𫜹 or ⿱⿰丰丰⺕)
Derived terms
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 362, character 16
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9927
- Dae Jaweon: page 680, character 31
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 961, character 10
- Unihan data for U+5F57
Chinese
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 彗 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Shang | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Characters in the same phonetic series () (Zhengzhang, 2003)
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 甡 (“broom”) + 又 (“hand”) – to hold a broom which is made of bamboo.
Etymology 1
| trad. | 彗 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 彗 | |
| alternative forms | 篲 𥱵 𥶙 | |
Sagart (2021) modifies Baxter and Sagart's (2014) reconstruction to *sə-m-pʰˤut-s, deriving it from a root *pʰˤut (“dust”), with the iambic form of the prefix *s-, which derives circumstantial nouns, and the prefix *m-, which derives verbs of volitional action from nouns, and relates it to 勃 (OC *bɯːd) and 孛 (OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): fii5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): hui3
- Northern Min (KCR): hṳ̄
- Eastern Min (BUC): hiê / suói / uói
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): huei5
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6we
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fei4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: huì
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: huèi
- Wade–Giles: hui4
- Yale: hwèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huey
- Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, dated variant)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: suì
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: suèi
- Wade–Giles: sui4
- Yale: swèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suey
- Palladius: суй (suj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: hui4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xui
- Sinological IPA (key): /xuei²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: wai6 / seoi6
- Yale: waih / seuih
- Cantonese Pinyin: wai6 / soey6
- Guangdong Romanization: wei6 / sêu6
- Sinological IPA (key): /wɐi̯²²/, /sɵy̯²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: fei5
- Sinological IPA (key): /fei³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fi
- Hakka Romanization System: fi
- Hagfa Pinyim: fi4
- Sinological IPA: /fi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- Guangdong: fi4
- Sinological IPA: /fi⁵³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hṳ̄
- Sinological IPA (key): /xy⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- Puxian Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūi
- Tâi-lô: huī
- Phofsit Daibuun: hui
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hui³³/
- IPA (Xiamen): /hui²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hui6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭi
- Sinological IPA (key): /hui³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Xiang
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: zwijH, zjwejH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-[ɢ]ʷe[t]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sɢʷeds/, /*sɢʷids/
Definitions
彗
- (literary) broom
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) comet
- (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to sweep; to brush
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 彗星 (“comet”) [map]
Compounds
Etymology 2
| trad. | 彗 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 彗 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: wèi
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
- Wade–Giles: wei4
- Yale: wèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
- Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /weɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: huì
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: huèi
- Wade–Giles: hui4
- Yale: hwèi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huey
- Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: wai6
- Yale: waih
- Cantonese Pinyin: wai6
- Guangdong Romanization: wei6
- Sinological IPA (key): /wɐi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Middle Chinese: hjwejH
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷeds/
Definitions
彗
- alternative form of 熭 (wèi)
Compounds
- 日中必彗
References
- “彗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “彗”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 96.
Japanese
Kanji
彗
Readings
From Middle Chinese 彗 (MC zwijH); compare Mandarin 彗 (suì, huì):
- Go-on: ずい (zui)←ずい (zui, historical)
- Kan-on: すい (sui)←すい (sui, historical)
From Middle Chinese 彗 (MC zjwejH):
- Go-on: ぜい (zei)←ぜい (zei, historical)
- Kan-on: せい (sei)←せい (sei, historical)
From native Japanese roots:
Compounds
Korean
Etymology
From a corrupted or unorthodox reading, by analogy with 慧. The original readings are 수 (su) and 세 (se) based on Middle Chinese 彗 (MC zwijH|zjwejH).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean ᄊᆔᆼ〮 (Yale: ssyúy) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 篲/슈〯 (sywǔ) (Yale: syǔ) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [çe̞(ː)] ~ [he̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [혜(ː)/헤(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
彗 (eumhun 살별 혜 (salbyeol hye))
Compounds
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
Han character
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