憾

憾	U+61BE, 憾 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61BE

← 憽
[U+61BD]

CJK Unified Ideographs

憿 →
[U+61BF]

Translingual

Han character

憾 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 心戈口心 (PIRP), four-corner 9303₅, composition ⿰忄感)

Derived characters

𡄏, 𥩇

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 405, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11312
Dae Jaweon: page 745, character 15
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2360, character 12
Unihan data for U+61BE

Chinese

trad.		憾
simp. ^#		憾
2nd round simp.		𰑞
alternative forms		感

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (咸) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
感	*kɯːmʔ
鱤	*kɯːmʔ
顑	kʰɯːmʔ, ŋɡrɯːms
轗	kʰɯːmʔ, kʰɯːms
撼	*ɡɯːmʔ
憾	*ɡɯːms
喊	qʰaːmʔ, qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
緘	*krɯːm
瑊	krɯːm, kjum
黬	krɯːm, ŋɡrɯːm
減	krɯːmʔ, ɡrɯːmʔ
羬	ŋɡrɯːm, ɡram
麙	*ŋɡrɯːm
咸	*ɡrɯːm
鹹	*ɡrɯːm
醎	*ɡrɯːm
諴	*ɡrɯːm
椷	*ɡrɯːm
輱	*ɡrɯːm
鍼	ɡam, ɡram, *kjɯm
箴	*kjɯm
葴	*kjɯm
鱵	*kjum

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡɯːms): semantic 忄 + phonetic 感 (OC *kɯːmʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): hàn (han⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): han⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): ham⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): hâng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hām

(Teochew, Peng'im): ham⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
  - Wade–Giles: han⁴
  - Yale: hàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
  - Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: han⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xan²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ham⁶
  - Yale: hahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ham⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hem⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm²²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɑŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hām
  - Tâi-lô: hām
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ham
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ham²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ham⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ham³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ham³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ham⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hăm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ham³⁵/

Middle Chinese: homH

Rime
Character	憾
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡紺切
Baxter	homH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʌm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦəm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɒm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəm^H/
Li Rong	/ɣᴀm^H/
Wang Li	/ɣɒm^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣăm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-kˤ[ə]mʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	憾
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hom^H ›
Old Chinese	/*N-kˁ[ə]mʔ-s/
English	dissatisfied
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	憾
Reading #	1/1
No.	13504
Phonetic component	咸
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯːms/

Definitions

憾

to hate; to resent
to regret
憾事 ― hànshì ― regrettable matter
- 是使民養生喪死無憾也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, trad.]
  是使民养生丧死无憾也。 [Traditional Chinese poetry, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Shì shǐ mín yǎng shēng sàng sǐ wú hàn yě. [Pinyin]
  [T]his enables the people to nourish their living and mourn for their dead, without any feeling against any.

Compounds

宿憾
憾事 (hànshì)
憾恨
抱憾 (bàohàn)
抱憾終生 / 抱憾终生 (bàohànzhōngshēng)
欿憾
無憾 / 无憾 (wúhàn)
終身遺憾 / 终身遗憾
缺憾 (quēhàn)
遺憾 / 遗憾 (yíhàn)
遺珠之憾 / 遗珠之憾
釋憾 / 释憾 (shìhàn)

Japanese

Kanji

憾

(Jōyō kanji)

remorse

Readings

Go-on: ごん (gon)
Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
Kun: うらむ (uramu, 憾む)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
憾
かん Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 憾 (MC homH).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kã̠ɴ]

Affix

憾(かん) • (kan)

remorse; regret

Korean

Hanja

憾 (eum 감 (gam))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

憾: Hán Nôm readings: hám, hóm, gớm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.