揺蕩う
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 揺 | 蕩 |
| たゆた | |
| Grade: S | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun | |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 搖蕩う (kyūjitai) 猶予う |
/tajutapu/ → /tajutafu/ → /tajutau/
From Old Japanese 揺蕩ふ (tayutapu). Appears in the Man'yōshū of 759 CE.[1][2]
Derived from the adjective たゆた (tayuta, “undecided, unsettled, uncertain in one's thoughts”) + auxiliary verb suffix ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state, spelled and pronounced as う (u) in modern Japanese).[1]
The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), based on the synonymous Middle Chinese-derived term 揺蕩 (yōtō).
Pronunciation
Verb
揺蕩う • (tayutau) ←たゆたふ (tayutafu)?intransitive godan (stem 揺蕩い (tayutai), past 揺蕩った (tayutatta))
- to bob, to move about uncertainly as a floating item moves about on the surface of water or some other liquid
- Synonym: 漂う (tadayou)
- to be undecided or uncertain
- to pause or hesitate due to indecision, to dally, to dawdle
Usage notes
The alternative 猶予う spelling is uncommon.
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 揺蕩わ | たゆたわ | tayutawa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 揺蕩い | たゆたい | tayutai |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 揺蕩う | たゆたう | tayutau |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 揺蕩う | たゆたう | tayutau |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 揺蕩え | たゆたえ | tayutae |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 揺蕩え | たゆたえ | tayutae |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 揺蕩われる | たゆたわれる | tayutawareru |
| Causative | 揺蕩わせる 揺蕩わす |
たゆたわせる たゆたわす |
tayutawaseru tayutawasu |
| Potential | 揺蕩える | たゆたえる | tayutaeru |
| Volitional | 揺蕩おう | たゆたおう | tayutaō |
| Negative | 揺蕩わない | たゆたわない | tayutawanai |
| Negative continuative | 揺蕩わず | たゆたわず | tayutawazu |
| Formal | 揺蕩います | たゆたいます | tayutaimasu |
| Perfective | 揺蕩った | たゆたった | tayutatta |
| Conjunctive | 揺蕩って | たゆたって | tayutatte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 揺蕩えば | たゆたえば | tayutaeba |
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 揺 | 蕩 |
| たゆと | |
| Grade: S | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 搖蕩う (kyūjitai) |
/tajutapu/ → /tajutafu/ → /tajutau/ → /tajutɔː/ → /tajutoː/
Shift from tayutau above. Listed with a reading of tayutǒ (/tajutɔː/) in the 1603 Nippo Jisho.[4]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ta̠jɯ̟to̞ː]
Verb
揺蕩う • (tayutou) ←たゆたふ (tayutafu)?intransitive godan (stem 揺蕩い (tayutoi), past 揺蕩った (tayutotta))
- alternative form of 揺蕩う (tayutau)
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 揺蕩わ | たゆとわ | tayutowa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 揺蕩い | たゆとい | tayutoi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 揺蕩う | たゆとう | tayutou |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 揺蕩う | たゆとう | tayutou |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 揺蕩え | たゆとえ | tayutoe |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 揺蕩え | たゆとえ | tayutoe |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 揺蕩われる | たゆとわれる | tayutowareru |
| Causative | 揺蕩わせる 揺蕩わす |
たゆとわせる たゆとわす |
tayutowaseru tayutowasu |
| Potential | 揺蕩える | たゆとえる | tayutoeru |
| Volitional | 揺蕩おう | たゆとおう | tayutoō |
| Negative | 揺蕩わない | たゆとわない | tayutowanai |
| Negative continuative | 揺蕩わず | たゆとわず | tayutowazu |
| Formal | 揺蕩います | たゆといます | tayutoimasu |
| Perfective | 揺蕩った | たゆとった | tayutotta |
| Conjunctive | 揺蕩って | たゆとって | tayutotte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 揺蕩えば | たゆとえば | tayutoeba |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan][1] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here just under the highlighted term tayumu