晦日

Chinese

		dark; night; unlucky	day; sun; date day; sun; date; day of the month; Japan (abbrev.)
simp. and trad. (晦日)		晦	日

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huìrì

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄖˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fui³ jat⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hòe-ji̍t

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huìrì
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄖˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huèirìh
  - Wade–Giles: hui⁴-jih⁴
  - Yale: hwèi-r̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hueyryh
  - Palladius: хуэйжи (xuejži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: fui³ jat⁶
  - Yale: fui yaht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fui³ jat⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: fui³ yed⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuːi̯³³ jɐt̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòe-ji̍t
  - Tâi-lô: huè-ji̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoeajit
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hue²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zit̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ d͡zit̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hue²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zit̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hue¹¹⁻⁵³ d͡zit̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hue²¹⁻⁴¹ zit̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: xwojH nyit

Rime
Character	晦	日
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)	質 (48)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	荒内切	人質切
Baxter	xwojH	nyit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huʌi^H/	/ȵiɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/huoi^H/	/ȵit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɒi^H/	/ȵʑjet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwəj^H/	/ȵit̚/
Li Rong	/xuᴀi^H/	/ȵiĕt̚/
Wang Li	/xuɒi^H/	/ȵʑĭĕt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/xuɑ̆i^H/	/ȵʑi̯ĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huì	rì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fui³	jat⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤək-s C.nik/

(Zhengzhang): /*hmɯːs njiɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	晦	日
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huì	rì
Middle Chinese	‹ xwoj^H ›	‹ nyit ›
Old Chinese	/*m̥ˁək-s/	/*C.nik/
English	last day of a moon; dark	sun; day
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	晦	日
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	9315	10845
Phonetic component	母	日
Rime group	之	質
Rime subdivision	0	2
Corresponding MC rime		日
Old Chinese	/*hmɯːs/	/*njiɡ/

Noun

晦日

(literary) the last day of a month in the lunar calendar
- 是月者何？僅逮是月也。何以不日？晦日也。晦則何以不言晦？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  是月者何？仅逮是月也。何以不日？晦日也。晦则何以不言晦？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 《春秋公羊傳·僖公十六年》 (Gongyang Zhuan)
  Shì yuè zhě hé? Jǐn dài shì yuè yě. Héyǐ bù rì? Huìrì yě. Huì zé héyǐ bù yán huì? [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Coordinate terms

朔日 (shuòrì)
望日 (wàngrì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (晦日):

→ Japanese: 晦日(かいじつ) (kaijitsu)
→ Korean: 회일(晦日) (hoeil)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
晦	日
かい Jinmeiyō	じつ Grade: 1
kan'on

/kʷai zitʉ/ → /kʷaiʑit͡su/ → /kaiʑit͡su/

From Middle Chinese 晦日 (MC xwojH nyit).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かいじつ [kàíjítsú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ka̠iʑit͡sɨ]

Noun

晦(かい)日(じつ) • (kaijitsu) ^{←くわいじつ (kwaizitu)^?}

the last day of a month in the lunar calendar

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
晦	日
みそか
Jinmeiyō	Grade: 1
jukujikun

For pronunciation and definitions of 晦日 – see the following entry.

【みそか】

[noun] the last day of a month

[noun] the thirtieth day of a lunar month

[noun] thirty days

Alternative spelling
三十日

(This term, 晦日, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
晦	日
つごもり
Jinmeiyō	Grade: 1
jukujikun

Kanji in this term
晦	日
つもごり
Jinmeiyō	Grade: 1
jukujikun

For pronunciation and definitions of 晦日 – see the following entry.

【晦つごもり】J	[noun] (archaic) the darkening of moonlight [noun] (by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month
【晦つもごり】J	[noun] (rare, archaic) the darkening of moonlight [noun] (rare, by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month

(This term, 晦日, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Usage notes

The kanji spelling is from kaijitsu above.

Derived terms

大(おお)晦日(つごもり) (ōtsugomori), 大(おお)晦日(つもごり) (ōtsumogori)
小(こ)晦日(つごもり) (kotsugomori)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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