松柏
Chinese
| pine | cypress; cedar; surname | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (松柏) | 松 | 柏 | |
| simp. #(松柏) | 松 | 柏 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cung4 paak3
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhiùng-pak
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): soeng2 ba6 / syoeng2 ba6
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; vernacular variant in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: sōngbǎi
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥ ㄅㄞˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: songbǎi
- Wade–Giles: sung1-pai3
- Yale: sūng-bǎi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: songbae
- Palladius: сунбай (sunbaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sʊŋ⁵⁵ paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: sōngbó
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥ ㄅㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: songbó
- Wade–Giles: sung1-po2
- Yale: sūng-bwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: songbor
- Palladius: сунбо (sunbo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sʊŋ⁵⁵ pu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; vernacular variant in Taiwan)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: cung4 paak3
- Yale: chùhng paak
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsung4 paak8
- Guangdong Romanization: cung4 pag3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰʊŋ²¹ pʰaːk̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiùng-pak
- Hakka Romanization System: qiungˇ bagˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: qiung2 bag5
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi̯uŋ¹¹ pak̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: soeng2 ba6 [Phonetic: soeng4 ma6]
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: sé̤ng-bā
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬœŋ¹³⁻⁴² (p-)ma¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: syoeng2 ba6 [Phonetic: syoeng4 ma6]
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɬyøŋ²⁴⁻⁴² (p-)ma²¹/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Quanzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chêng-peh
- Tâi-lô: tsîng-peh
- Phofsit Daibuun: zengpeq
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² peʔ⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhêng-peh
- Tâi-lô: tshîng-peh
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhengpeq
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ peʔ³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ²³⁻³³ peʔ³²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sêng5 bêh4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng peh
- Sinological IPA (key): /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ peʔ²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Quanzhou-like accent in Taiwan)
- Middle Chinese: zjowng paek
Noun
松柏
- pine and cypress
- (Quanzhou Hokkien, Teochew) pine
- (figurative) steadfast integrity
- (figurative) grave (as pine and cypress trees were traditionally planted in cemeteries)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 松樹 (“pine tree”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 松樹 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 松樹 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 松樹 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 松樹 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 松樹 |
| Wanrong | 松樹 | |
| Xi'an | 松樹 | |
| Xuzhou | 松樹 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 松樹 |
| Ürümqi | 松樹 | |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 松樹 |
| Wuhan | 松樹 | |
| Guiyang | 松樹 | |
| Liuzhou | 松樹 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 松樹 |
| Yangzhou | 松樹 | |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 松樹 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 松樹 |
| Lichuan | 松樹 | |
| Pingxiang | 松樹 | |
| Hakka | Meixian | 松樹 |
| Yudu | 松樹 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 松樹, 松毛樹 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 松樹 |
| Xinzhou | 松樹 | |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 松樹 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 松樹, 松柏 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 松柏 |
| Yongchun | 參柏樹 | |
| Shantou (Chenghai) | 松柏 | |
| Haikou | 松樹 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 松樹 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 松樹 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 松樹 | |
| Suzhou | 松樹 | |
| Danyang | 松樹 | |
| Hangzhou | 松樹 | |
| Ningbo | 針松, 松樹 | |
| Wenzhou | 松樹 | |
| Jinhua | 松樹 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 松樹 |
| Loudi | 松樹, 松柏樹 | |
Derived terms
Proper noun
松柏
- (～鎮) Songbai (a town in Shennongjia, Hubei, China)
- (～村) Songbai (a village in Songbai, Shennongjia, Hubei, China)
References
- 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “361 松树”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 326.