Chinese
Etymology
Borrowed from Pali bhikkhunī, from Sanskrit भिक्षुणी (bhikṣuṇī).
Pronunciation
| Rime
|
| Character
|
比
|
比
|
比
|
比
|
比
|
丘
|
尼
|
| Reading #
|
1/5
|
2/5
|
3/5
|
4/5
|
5/5
|
1/1
|
1/1
|
| Initial (聲)
|
並 (3)
|
幫 (1)
|
並 (3)
|
幫 (1)
|
並 (3)
|
溪 (29)
|
娘 (12)
|
| Final (韻)
|
脂 (15)
|
脂 (15)
|
脂 (15)
|
脂 (15)
|
質 (48)
|
尤 (136)
|
脂 (17)
|
| Tone (調)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Rising (X)
|
Departing (H)
|
Departing (H)
|
Checked (Ø)
|
Level (Ø)
|
Level (Ø)
|
| Openness (開合)
|
Open
|
Open
|
Open
|
Open
|
Open
|
Open
|
Open
|
| Division (等)
|
III
|
III
|
III
|
III
|
III
|
III
|
III
|
| Fanqie
|
房脂切
|
卑履切
|
毗至切
|
必至切
|
毗必切
|
去鳩切
|
女夷切
|
| Baxter
|
bjij
|
pjijX
|
bjijH
|
pjijH
|
bjit
|
khjuw
|
nrij
|
| Reconstructions
|
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
|
/biɪ/
|
/piɪX/
|
/biɪH/
|
/piɪH/
|
/biɪt̚/
|
/kʰɨu/
|
/ɳˠiɪ/
|
Pan
Wuyun
|
/bi/
|
/piX/
|
/biH/
|
/piH/
|
/bit̚/
|
/kʰiu/
|
/ɳᵚi/
|
Shao
Rongfen
|
/bjɪ/
|
/pjɪX/
|
/bjɪH/
|
/pjɪH/
|
/bjet̚/
|
/kʰiəu/
|
/niɪ/
|
Edwin
Pulleyblank
|
/bi/
|
/piX/
|
/biH/
|
/piH/
|
/bit̚/
|
/kʰuw/
|
/ɳji/
|
Li
Rong
|
/bi/
|
/piX/
|
/biH/
|
/piH/
|
/biĕt̚/
|
/kʰiu/
|
/nji/
|
Wang
Li
|
/bi/
|
/piX/
|
/biH/
|
/piH/
|
/bĭĕt̚/
|
/kʰĭəu/
|
/ni/
|
Bernhard
Karlgren
|
/bʱi/
|
/piX/
|
/bʱiH/
|
/piH/
|
/bʱi̯ĕt̚/
|
/kʰi̯ə̯u/
|
/ni/
|
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
|
pí
|
bǐ
|
bì
|
bì
|
bí
|
qiū
|
ní
|
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
|
pei4
|
bei2
|
bei6
|
bei3
|
bat6
|
hau1
|
nei4
|
Noun
比丘尼
- (Buddhism) bhikkhuni; Buddhist nun
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
尼姑 (“Buddhist nun”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
尼姑, 比丘尼
|
| Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
尼姑兒, 姑子
|
| Taiwan
|
尼姑
|
| Chengde
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Chifeng
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Hulunbuir (Hailar)
|
姑子
|
| Heihe
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Qiqihar
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Harbin
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Jiamusi
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Baicheng
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Changchun
|
姑子
|
| Tonghua
|
姑子
|
| Shenyang
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Jinzhou
|
尼姑兒, 姑子
|
| Singapore
|
尼姑, 師父
|
| Jilu Mandarin
|
Tianjin
|
姑子
|
| Tangshan
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Cangzhou
|
姑子
|
| Baoding
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Shijiazhuang
|
姑子
|
| Lijin
|
姑子
|
| Jinan
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Dalian
|
姑子
|
| Dandong
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Yantai
|
姑子
|
| Yantai (Muping)
|
姑子
|
| Qingdao
|
姑姑子
|
| Zhucheng
|
姑子
|
| Central Plains Mandarin
|
Luoyang
|
尼姑, 姑姑兒
|
| Lingbao
|
尼姑, 姑姑
|
| Jining
|
姑子, 姑姑
|
| Wanrong
|
姑姑子
|
| Linfen
|
姑姑子
|
| Shangqiu
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Yuanyang
|
尼姑
|
| Zhengzhou
|
尼姑, 姑姑
|
| Xinyang
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Baihe
|
尼姑
|
| Xi'an
|
尼姑, 姑姑子
|
| Baoji
|
尼姑, 姑姑
|
| Tianshui
|
姑姑子
|
| Xining
|
尼姑, 女姑姑
|
| Xuzhou
|
姑子, 尼姑, 二僧
|
| Fuyang
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
尼姑, 姑姑
|
| Lanzhou
|
尼姑, 姑姑, 姑姑子
|
| Dunhuang
|
尼姑
|
| Hami
|
尼姑
|
| Ürümqi
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
尼姑
|
| Nanchong
|
尼姑
|
| Dazhou
|
尼姑
|
| Hanyuan
|
尼姑
|
| Xichang
|
尼姑
|
| Zigong
|
尼姑
|
| Chongqing
|
尼姑
|
| Wuhan
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Yichang
|
尼姑
|
| Xiangyang
|
尼姑, 姑姑子
|
| Tianmen
|
尼姑
|
| Guiyang
|
尼姑, 師公
|
| Zunyi
|
尼姑
|
| Bijie
|
尼姑
|
| Liping
|
尼姑
|
| Zhaotong
|
尼姑
|
| Dali
|
尼姑
|
| Kunming
|
尼姑
|
| Mengzi
|
尼姑
|
| Guilin
|
尼姑
|
| Guilin (Lingui)
|
尼姑
|
| Liuzhou
|
尼姑, 師姑, 師父
|
| Liuzhou (Luorong)
|
尼姑
|
| Nanning (Wuming)
|
尼姑
|
| Jishou
|
女和尚
|
| Changde
|
尼姑
|
| Hanzhong
|
尼姑, 姑姑子
|
| Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
師姑, 尼姑
|
| Yangzhou
|
師姑, 尼姑, 二僧
|
| Lianyungang
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Lianshui
|
尼姑
|
| Nantong
|
尼姑
|
| Anqing
|
尼姑
|
| Wuhu
|
尼姑
|
| Hefei
|
尼姑
|
| Hong'an
|
尼姑
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
師姑, 阿傅
|
| Hong Kong
|
師姑, 尼姑, 阿傅
|
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)
|
尼姑
|
| Macau
|
師姑
|
| Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
師姑
|
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
師姑
|
| Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
師姑
|
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
師姑
|
| Foshan
|
師姑
|
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
師姑
|
| Foshan (Shunde)
|
師姑
|
| Foshan (Sanshui)
|
師姑
|
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
尼姑
|
| Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
師姑
|
| Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
|
師姑
|
| Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
|
仙姑仔
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
師姑, 尼姑
|
| Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
師姑
|
| Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
尼姑
|
| Taishan
|
尼姑, 師姑, 齋姑
|
| Kaiping (Chikan)
|
尼姑
|
| Enping (Niujiang)
|
尼姑
|
| Heshan (Yayao)
|
師姑
|
| Dongguan
|
師姑
|
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
師姑
|
| Qingyuan
|
師姑
|
| Fogang
|
師姑
|
| Yingde (Hanguang)
|
尼姑
|
| Yangshan
|
尼姑
|
| Lianshan (Butian)
|
尼姑
|
| Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)
|
尼姑
|
| Shaoguan
|
師姑
|
| Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
師姑
|
| Renhua
|
師姑
|
| Lechang
|
尼姑, 師姑
|
| Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)
|
尼姑
|
| Sihui
|
師姑
|
| Guangning
|
師姑
|
| Deqing
|
尼姑
|
| Huaiji
|
仙姑
|
| Fengkai (Nanfeng)
|
尼姑
|
| Yunfu
|
師姑
|
| Xinxing
|
尼姑
|
| Luoding
|
尼姑
|
| Yunan (Pingtai)
|
尼姑
|
| Xinyi
|
尼姑
|
| Lianjiang
|
尼姑
|
| Nanning
|
尼姑
|
| Wuzhou
|
尼姑, 師姑
|
| Yulin
|
尼姑
|
| Hepu (Lianzhou)
|
尼姑
|
| Guiping
|
尼姑
|
| Mengshan (Xihe)
|
尼姑
|
| Guigang (Nanjiang)
|
尼姑
|
| Beiliu (Tangliao)
|
尼姑
|
| Baise
|
尼姑
|
| Bobai
|
尼姑
|
| Lingshan
|
尼姑
|
| Pubei
|
尼姑
|
| Qinzhou
|
尼姑
|
| Beihai
|
尼姑
|
| Ningming
|
尼姑
|
| Hengzhou
|
尼姑
|
| Hezhou (Pumen, Babu)
|
尼姑
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
尼姑
|
| Pengze
|
尼姑
|
| Lichuan
|
尼姑, 女和尚
|
| Pingxiang
|
尼姑, 齋婆
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
尼姑, 齋嫲
|
| Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)
|
尼姑, 師姑, 師父
|
| Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua)
|
尼姑
|
| Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua)
|
尼姑
|
| Huidong (Pingshan; Bendihua)
|
尼姑婆
|
| Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
尼姑嫲
|
| Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua)
|
尼姑
|
| Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua)
|
尼姑
|
| Boluo (Bendihua)
|
師姑
|
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
|
尼姑嫲
|
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
師姑
|
| Heyuan (Bendihua)
|
尼姑, 齋婆
|
| Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua)
|
尼姑
|
| Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)
|
尼姑
|
| Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua)
|
尼姑
|
| Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)
|
尼姑
|
| Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua)
|
尼姑
|
| Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)
|
姐婆
|
| Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua)
|
尼姑
|
| Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua)
|
猜嫲
|
| Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)
|
尼姑
|
| Yudu
|
尼姑
|
| Ruijin
|
尼姑
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
尼姑, 齋婆, 齋姑
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
尼姑, 齋姑
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
尼姑, 齋婆, 齋姑
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
尼姑, 齋姑
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
尼姑, 齋婆, 齋姑
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
尼姑
|
| Luchuan (Daqiao)
|
尼姑
|
| Beiliu (Tang'an)
|
尼姑
|
| Mashan (Pianlian)
|
尼姑
|
| Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
尼姑
|
| Shexian
|
尼姑
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
姑子
|
| Pingyao
|
姑子
|
| Yangyuan
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Datong
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Xinzhou
|
姑子
|
| Lüliang (Lishi)
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Changzhi
|
姑子
|
| Linhe
|
姑子
|
| Jining
|
尼姑
|
| Hohhot
|
姑子
|
| Erenhot
|
姑子
|
| Pingshan
|
姑子
|
| Zhangjiakou
|
姑子
|
| Handan
|
尼姑, 姑子
|
| Linzhou
|
姑哦
|
| Suide
|
姑子
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
尼姑, 尼姑囝 derogatory, 菜婆
|
| Fuqing
|
尼姑, 師姑
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
尼姑
|
| Quanzhou
|
尼姑
|
| Hui'an
|
西姑
|
| Zhangzhou
|
尼姑
|
| Zhao'an
|
尼姑
|
| Taipei
|
尼姑
|
| New Taipei (Tamsui)
|
尼姑
|
| New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
尼姑
|
| New Taipei (Pingxi)
|
尼姑
|
| Kaohsiung
|
尼姑, 菜姑
|
| Kaohsiung (Cijin)
|
尼姑
|
| Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)
|
尼姑, 菜姑仔
|
| Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)
|
尼姑, 菜姑
|
| Kaohsiung (Tianliao)
|
尼姑
|
| Yilan
|
尼姑, 菜姑
|
| Yilan (Toucheng)
|
尼姑, 菜姑
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
尼姑
|
| Taichung
|
尼姑
|
| Tainan
|
尼姑, 菜姑
|
| Tainan (Anping)
|
尼姑, 菜姑
|
| Hsinchu
|
尼姑
|
| Kinmen
|
尼姑
|
| Penghu (Magong)
|
尼姑
|
| Penghu (Xiyu)
|
尼姑, 菜姑
|
| Penang (Hokkien)
|
尼姑, 菜姑
|
| Zhangping (Yongfu)
|
尼姑
|
| Pingnan (Shangdu)
|
尼姑
|
| Raoping
|
尼姑
|
| Shantou
|
尼姑, 師姑
|
| Jieyang
|
齋姨, 師傅
|
| Haikou
|
尼姑
|
| Puxian Min
|
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)
|
師姑
|
| Xianyou
|
師姑
|
| Central Min
|
Yong'an
|
尼姑
|
| Zhongshan Min
|
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
|
師姑
|
| Zhongshan (Sanxiang)
|
師姑
|
| Southern Pinghua
|
Nanning (Tingzi)
|
尼姑
|
| Nanning (Shajing)
|
尼姑
|
| Binyang (Xinqiao)
|
尼姑
|
| Northern Pinghua
|
Guilin (Dahe)
|
尼姑
|
| Guilin (Chaoyang)
|
尼姑
|
| Guilin (Zhuyuan)
|
尼姑
|
| Lingchuan (Tanxia)
|
尼姑
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
師姑, 尼姑
|
| Shanghai (Songjiang)
|
師姑, 師太
|
| Shanghai (Jiading)
|
尼姑
|
| Shanghai (Chongming)
|
尼姑
|
| Suzhou
|
師姑, 師太
|
| Danyang
|
尼姑, 師姑
|
| Hangzhou
|
尼姑, 師姑
|
| Ningbo
|
尼姑
|
| Wenzhou
|
師姑娘
|
| Jinhua
|
尼姑
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
尼姑
|
| Loudi
|
齋婆
|
| Hengyang
|
尼姑婆
|
| Quanzhou
|
尼姑婆
|
| Guanyang (Wenshi)
|
尼姑
|
Descendants
Japanese
| Kanji in this term
|
| 比
|
丘
|
尼
|
び
Grade: 5
|
く
Grade: S
|
に
Grade: S
|
| goon
|
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 比丘尼 (MC bjij|pjijX|bjijH|pjijH|bjit khjuw nrij). First attested in Japanese in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[1]
Ultimately from Pali bhikkhunī (“Buddhist nun”),[1] itself from Sanskrit भिक्षुणी (bhikṣuṇī, “Buddhist nun”).[1][2][3]
Pronunciation
Noun
比丘尼 • (bikuni)
- [from 720] (Buddhism) bhikkhuni, a Buddhist nun
Derived terms
- 伊勢比丘尼 (ise bikuni)
- 浮世比丘尼 (ukiyo bikuni)
- 歌比丘尼 (uta bikuni)
- 絵解き比丘尼 (etoki bikuni)
- 勧進比丘尼 (kanjin bikuni)
- 熊野比丘尼 (kumano bikuni)
- 科負い比丘尼 (togaoi bikuni)
- 二人比丘尼 (ninin bikuni)
- 八百比丘尼 (happyaku bikuni)
- 比丘尼足駄 (bikuni ashida)
- 比丘尼御所 (bikuni gosho)
- 比丘尼雪駄 (bikuni setta)
- 比丘尼宿 (bikuni yado)
- 屁負い比丘尼 (heoi bikuni)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 “比丘尼”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ “比丘尼”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen][2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
Noun
比丘尼 • (biguni) (hangeul 비구니)
- hanja form? of 비구니 (“bhikkhuni”)
Vietnamese
Noun
比丘尼
- chữ Hán form of tỉ-khâu-ni (“bhikkhuni”)