Chinese
Etymology
From an unidentified language in the Western Regions, perhaps a Middle Indo-Aryan language, e.g. Gandhari 𐨬𐨅𐨜𐨂𐨪𐨁𐨩 (veḍuriya),[1] a form attested in as a component in a proper noun. Compare Pali veḷuriya (“precious stone, maybe lapis lazuli”), Sanskrit वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya, “cat's-eye, beryl”),[2] whence Chinese 吠瑠璃 (fèiliúlí). The Middle Chinese reflex may have been subjected to hyperthesis with the ḍ- and r- syllables exchanged, with further ḍ > l (Ji, 1998v4).
Pronunciation
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
琉
|
璃
|
| Reading #
|
1/1
|
2/2
|
| No.
|
8337
|
7781
|
Phonetic
component
|
流
|
离
|
Rime
group
|
幽
|
歌
|
Rime
subdivision
|
1
|
2
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
劉
|
離
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*ru/
|
/*rel/
|
| Notes
|
同瑠
|
琉璃譯vaiḍūrya漢書西域傳譯作璧流離
|
Noun
琉璃
- (literary, originally) a kind of blue and translucent natural precious stone, probably lapis lazuli
- coloured glaze similar to this kind of stone
- (literary) synonym of 玻璃 (“glass”)
- (literary) lamp made from glass
- (literary, figuratively) any translucent object
- (Beijing Mandarin) dragonfly
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
蜻蜓 (“dragonfly”)
[map]
| Variety
|
Location
|
Words
|
| Classical Chinese
|
蜻, 蜻蜓, 蜻蛉, 虰蛵
|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
|
蜻蜓
|
| Taxonomic name
|
蜻蜓
|
| Northeastern Mandarin
|
Beijing
|
螞螂, 老琉璃, 琉璃, 蜻蜓
|
| Taiwan
|
蜻蜓
|
| Langfang
|
螞螂
|
| Hulunbuir (Hailar)
|
螞螂兒
|
| Harbin
|
蜻蜓, 螞螂
|
| Shenyang
|
螞螂
|
| Singapore
|
蜻蜓
|
| Jilu Mandarin
|
Tianjin
|
老褐, 老蜓
|
| Tangshan
|
螞螂
|
| Cangzhou
|
螞螂
|
| Baoding
|
螞螂
|
| Shijiazhuang
|
螞螂兒
|
| Jinan
|
蜻蜓
|
| Jiaoliao Mandarin
|
Yantai (Muping)
|
蜻蜓兒, 老老擔兒
|
| Qingdao
|
蜻蜓
|
| Central Plains Mandarin
|
Luoyang
|
虰虰
|
| Daming
|
抨抨砣
|
| Wanrong
|
棒槌
|
| Zhengzhou
|
虰虰, 麥虰虰
|
| Xi'an
|
螞螂
|
| Xining
|
蜻蜓
|
| Xuzhou
|
光光蜓
|
| Pizhou
|
光光蜓
|
| Lianyungang (Ganyu)
|
老官, 官蜓蜓
|
| Donghai
|
官蜻蜓
|
| Lanyin Mandarin
|
Yinchuan
|
老虎招招
|
| Lanzhou
|
春官
|
| Ürümqi
|
蜻蜓
|
| Southwestern Mandarin
|
Chengdu
|
虰虰貓兒, 蜻蜓
|
| Wuhan
|
虰虰
|
| Guiyang
|
蜻蜓
|
| Kunming
|
蜻蜓
|
| Guilin
|
蜻蜓
|
| Guanyang
|
咩咩蛘
|
| Pingle
|
咩咩蛘
|
| Liuzhou
|
塘咩, 蜻蜓
|
| Luzhai
|
蜻蜓
|
| Tianlin (Langping)
|
沙蛘
|
| Jianghuai Mandarin
|
Nanjing
|
蜻蜻, 蜻蜓
|
| Yangzhou
|
蜻蜻子
|
| Baoying
|
蜻蜻子
|
| Taizhou
|
蜻蜓兒
|
| Zhenjiang
|
蜻蜻兒
|
| Lianyungang
|
蜻蜻
|
| Huai'an (Huaiyin)
|
馬蜻蜻
|
| Xuyi
|
蜻蜻
|
| Nantong
|
蜻虰, 蜻蛉兒
|
| Rugao
|
蜻蛉兒
|
| Yancheng
|
鮮鮮
|
| Funing
|
蜻蜻
|
| Sihong
|
馬蜻蜻
|
| Hefei
|
蜻蜻, 蜻蜻子
|
| Huanggang
|
蜻雀兒
|
| Mandarin
|
Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle)
|
螞螂
|
| Cantonese
|
Guangzhou
|
塘尾
|
| Hong Kong
|
蜻蜓, 塘尾
|
| Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)
|
囊蜊
|
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)
|
囊蜺
|
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok)
|
囊蜊
|
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)
|
囊蜊
|
| Macau
|
塘尾
|
| Guangzhou (Panyu)
|
塘尾
|
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
|
揚尾
|
| Guangzhou (Conghua)
|
囊泥
|
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
|
囊蜊
|
| Foshan
|
塘尾
|
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
|
塘尾
|
| Foshan (Shunde)
|
塘蜊
|
| Foshan (Sanshui)
|
塘尾
|
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
|
塘尾
|
| Zhongshan (Shiqi)
|
塘尾
|
| Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)
|
蟲尾
|
| Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)
|
塘尾
|
| Zhuhai (Doumen)
|
囊蜺
|
| Jiangmen (Baisha)
|
郎里
|
| Jiangmen (Xinhui)
|
囊蜺
|
| Taishan
|
黃尾
|
| Kaiping (Chikan)
|
黃蜺
|
| Enping (Niujiang)
|
禾狸
|
| Heshan (Yayao)
|
娘迷
|
| Dongguan
|
䗧蛜
|
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
|
塘泥
|
| Shenzhen (Dapeng)
|
蜋蜺
|
| Qingyuan
|
黃尾池
|
| Fogang
|
囊泥
|
| Yingde (Hanguang)
|
楊眉池
|
| Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui)
|
蜻蜓
|
| Shaoguan
|
塘蜊
|
| Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
蜋尾
|
| Renhua
|
羅尾仔
|
| Lechang
|
塘尾, 後尾
|
| Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)
|
塘尾
|
| Sihui
|
落尼
|
| Guangning
|
塘尼
|
| Deqing
|
塘尼
|
| Huaiji
|
蜋蜊
|
| Yunfu
|
塘尾
|
| Xinxing
|
塘尾
|
| Luoding
|
塘尼
|
| Yangjiang
|
朋蜺
|
| Xinyi
|
癩痢
|
| Maoming (Xinpo)
|
囊呢
|
| Nanning
|
塘咩
|
| Wuzhou
|
塘蜺
|
| Yulin
|
塘蜺
|
| Hepu (Lianzhou)
|
蜻蜓
|
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
|
塘尾
|
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)
|
塘尾
|
| Gan
|
Nanchang
|
虰虰, 蜻蜓
|
| Lichuan
|
港雞
|
| Pingxiang
|
揚尾
|
| Hakka
|
Meixian
|
囊蜺仔, 囊蜺, 囊尾
|
| Xingning
|
黃咪哩
|
| Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)
|
囊蜺
|
| Huiyang
|
黃蜺仔, 黃蜺
|
| Huidong (Daling)
|
黃蜺仔
|
| Dongguan (Qingxi)
|
黃蜺
|
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
|
黃蜺
|
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
|
黃蜺
|
| Wuhua (Huacheng)
|
黃尾哩, 娘尾哩
|
| Wuhua (Meilin)
|
囊蜺哩
|
| Heyuan (Bendihua)
|
囊蜺
|
| Shaoguan (Qujiang)
|
龍蟻子
|
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)
|
囊蜺
|
| Liannan
|
囊蜺
|
| Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)
|
囊蜺
|
| Jiexi
|
囊蜺
|
| Changting
|
挪尾
|
| Wuping
|
羊必子
|
| Wuping (Pingyu)
|
揚尾子
|
| Liancheng
|
蒙里
|
| Ninghua
|
管胚
|
| Yudu
|
塘尾
|
| Ruijin
|
囊蟻子
|
| Shicheng
|
康雞
|
| Shangyou (Shexi)
|
塘子
|
| Miaoli (N. Sixian)
|
揚尾仔
|
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
|
揚尾仔
|
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
|
囊蜺仔, 揚尾仔
|
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
|
揚尾
|
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
|
囊蜺仔
|
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
|
蛘蜺
|
| Hong Kong
|
黃蜺
|
| Luchuan
|
螗蜊
|
| Sabah (Longchuan)
|
囊蜺
|
| Senai (Huiyang)
|
囊蜺
|
| Huizhou
|
Jixi
|
蜓蜓
|
| Jin
|
Taiyuan
|
兒蜻
|
| Pingyao
|
水師婆
|
| Xinzhou
|
河蟢蟢
|
| Hohhot
|
蜻蜓
|
| Zhangjiakou
|
水池牌兒
|
| Handan
|
水蜓蜓
|
| Northern Min
|
Jian'ou
|
刊魁
|
| Songxi
|
紅魁仔
|
| Zhenghe
|
狐狸仔
|
| Jianyang
|
刊魁仔, 刊魁
|
| Wuyishan
|
刊魁
|
| Eastern Min
|
Fuzhou
|
螞蝴
|
| Fuzhou (Changle)
|
蜻胲
|
| Fuqing
|
茶茶娘
|
| Yongtai
|
蜻胲
|
| Gutian
|
蜻𧉪
|
| Fu'an
|
蜻𧉪
|
| Ningde
|
蜻𧉪娘
|
| Shouning
|
蜻𧉪
|
| Zhouning
|
蜻𧉪
|
| Fuding
|
蜻𧉪
|
| Matsu
|
螞蝴
|
| Southern Min
|
Xiamen
|
田嬰
|
| Xiamen (Heshan)
|
𧌄嬰
|
| Quanzhou
|
田嬰
|
| Jinjiang
|
田嬰, 山蜊
|
| Anxi
|
含嬰
|
| Yongchun
|
田嬰
|
| Dehua
|
田嬰
|
| Zhangzhou
|
田嬰
|
| Zhangzhou (Longhai)
|
田嬰
|
| Zhangzhou (Changtai)
|
蜻咩
|
| Pinghe
|
田嬰
|
| Zhangpu
|
田嬰
|
| Zhao'an
|
山咩
|
| Zhao'an (Sidu)
|
山咩
|
| Zhao'an (Tingyang, Baiyang)
|
蝪蚭
|
| Zhao'an (Wenshan, Taiping)
|
蝪蚭
|
| Dongshan
|
田嬰, 山咩 rural
|
| Taipei
|
𧌄嬰
|
| New Taipei (Tamsui)
|
𧌄嬰
|
| New Taipei (Sanxia)
|
田嬰
|
| New Taipei (Pingxi)
|
田嬰
|
| Kaohsiung
|
田嬰
|
| Kaohsiung (Cijin)
|
田嬰
|
| Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)
|
田嬰
|
| Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)
|
田嬰
|
| Kaohsiung (Tianliao)
|
田嬰
|
| Yilan
|
田嬰
|
| Yilan (Luodong)
|
田嬰
|
| Yilan (Toucheng)
|
田嬰
|
| Changhua (Lukang)
|
田嬰
|
| Changhua (Yongjing)
|
田嬰
|
| Taichung
|
田嬰
|
| Taichung (Wuqi)
|
田嬰
|
| Tainan
|
田嬰
|
| Tainan (Anping)
|
田嬰
|
| Taitung
|
田嬰
|
| Hsinchu
|
田嬰
|
| Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng)
|
田嬰
|
| Kinmen
|
田嬰
|
| Penghu (Magong)
|
田嬰
|
| Penghu (Xiyu)
|
田嬰
|
| Singapore (Hokkien)
|
田嬰
|
| Manila (Hokkien)
|
田嬰, 山蜊
|
| Longyan
|
羅離
|
| Zhangping
|
臭尼
|
| Zhangping (Yongfu)
|
新嬰
|
| Datian
|
翼嬰
|
| Chaozhou
|
𬠋𧌊
|
| Raoping
|
𬠋𧌊
|
| Shantou
|
𬠋𧌊
|
| Shantou (Chenghai)
|
𬠋𧌊
|
| Nan'ao (Houzhai)
|
𬠋𧌊
|
| Nan'ao (Yun'ao)
|
𬠋𧌊
|
| Jieyang
|
𬠋𧌊
|
| Haifeng
|
𬠋𧌊
|
| Johor Bahru (Teochew)
|
𬠋𧌊
|
| Singapore (Teochew)
|
𬠋𧌊
|
| Leizhou
|
蛅蛉
|
| Wenchang
|
雙枒, 雙夏, 雙翼
|
| Haikou
|
蜻蜓
|
| Qionghai
|
雙枒, 雙翼
|
| Puxian Min
|
Putian
|
千咪叉, 千咪蝦, 千咪
|
| Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)
|
交蝦蜱
|
| Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)
|
沖蜱
|
| Xianyou
|
八赤蝦, 八里蝦
|
| Xianyou (Fengting)
|
田蜱蝦
|
| Xianyou (Youyang)
|
田蜱
|
| Zhongshan Min
|
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
|
木魚
|
| Zhongshan (Sanxiang)
|
蛜嬰
|
| Wu
|
Shanghai
|
蜻蜓, 蜻蜓
|
| Shanghai (Chongming)
|
新人
|
| Suzhou
|
蜻蜓
|
| Wuxi
|
蜻蜓, 虰蜻
|
| Changshu
|
蜻蜓
|
| Nantong (Haimen)
|
蜻蜓
|
| Changzhou
|
蜻蜓
|
| Danyang
|
蜻蜓, 蜻蜓蜓, 蜓
|
| Nanjing (Zhongbao, Gaochun)
|
麻杠杠
|
| Hangzhou
|
蜻蜓
|
| Ningbo
|
蜻蜓
|
| Wenzhou
|
蜻蜓
|
| Jinhua
|
蜻蜓
|
| Xiang
|
Changsha
|
洋咪咪
|
| Xiangtan
|
洋眯眯
|
| Loudi
|
洋咪咪
|
| Shuangfeng
|
洋洋蠛, 洋媽蠛
|
| Hengyang
|
洋咪咪
|
Derived terms
- 大琉璃草 (dàliúlícǎo)
- 琉璃世界
- 琉璃燈 / 琉璃灯 (liúlídēng)
- 琉璃瓦 (liúliwǎ)
- 琉璃磚 / 琉璃砖 (liúlízhuān)
- 琉璃草 (liúlícǎo)
- 琉璃頭 / 琉璃头
- 老琉璃 (lǎoliúli)
Descendants
References
- ^ Baums, Stefan, Glass, Andrew (2002–) “Veḍuriyaprabha”, in A Dictionary of Gandhari[1]
- ^ 1917, Field Museum of Natural History: 1909, “The Beginnings of Porcelain in China”, Berthold Laufer and Henry Windsor Nichols, The Museum, page 138:
- The glassy paste for the production of ceramic glazes was called liu-li 琉璃 (in the Han Annals 流離) or p'i-liu-li, derived from Prākrit veluriya, Mahārāshṭrī verulia (Sanskrit vaiḍūrya).
Japanese
| Kanji in this term
|
| 琉
|
璃
|
る
Jinmeiyō
|
り
Grade: S
|
| goon
|
on'yomi
|
Etymology
The spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 琉璃 (liúlí).
| For pronunciation and definitions of 琉璃 – see the following entry.
|
|
|
| (This term, 琉璃, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)
|
Korean
Noun
琉璃 • (yuri) (hangeul 유리)
- hanja form? of 유리 (“glass”)