痴

See also: 癡
痴 U+75F4, 痴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-75F4
← 痳
[U+75F3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 痵 →
[U+75F5]

Translingual

Han character

痴 (Kangxi radical 104, 疒+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 大人大口 (KOKR), four-corner 00160, composition ⿸疒知)

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 774, character 38
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22257
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1185, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2681, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+75F4

Chinese

trad. 痴/癡
simp. 痴

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (矢) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
彘 *l'eds
璏 *l'eds, *ɢʷleds, *ɢʷled
薙 *l̥ʰiːs, *ljiʔ, *l'iʔ
知 *ʔl'e
蜘 *te
智 *ʔl'es
鼅 *te
潪 *teɡs, *deɡ
踟 *de
雉 *l'iʔ
矢 *hliʔ
痴 *l̥ʰɯ

Pronunciation

Note: 1chiu - as in 半痴小癲兒／半痴小癫儿.
Rime
Character 痴
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 徹 (10)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 丑之切
Baxter trhi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʈʰɨ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈʰɨ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȶʰie/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈʰɨ/
Li
Rong 		/ȶʰiə/
Wang
Li 		/ȶʰĭə/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȶʰi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ci1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 痴
Reading # 1/1
No. 11505
Phonetic
component 		矢
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		癡
Old
Chinese 		/*l̥ʰɯ/

Definitions

痴

  1. foolish; stupid; dumb; silly
  2. infatuated; crazy about
  3. (Buddhism) moha, delusion, ignorance
  4. (Classical or dialectal) mad; insane

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 瘋 (“mad; crazy; insane”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 痴, 狂, 癲
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 瘋, 狂, 瘋癲, 瘋狂
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 瘋
Taiwan 瘋
Singapore 神經病, 有毛病
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 痴
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 瘋
Xi'an 瘋
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 瘋
Southwestern Mandarin Wuhan 八面威, 八面
Guiyang 瘋
Liuzhou 癲
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 瘋
Cantonese Guangzhou 癲, 黐線, 黐筋, 黐孖筋, short
Hong Kong 癲, 黐線, 黐筋, 黐孖筋, 黐膠花, short, 黐總掣, 黐大掣
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 癲, 黐線
Penang (Guangfu) 癲, 黐線
Singapore (Guangfu) 癲, 黐線
Gan Nanchang 瘋
Hakka Meixian 癲
Eastern Min Fuzhou 癲, 癲脬
Southern Min Xiamen 痟
Quanzhou 痟
Yongchun 痟
Zhangzhou 痟, 魔
Zhao'an 痟
Tainan 痟
Penang (Hokkien) 痟
Singapore (Hokkien) 痟
Manila (Hokkien) 痟
Chaozhou 痟
Shantou 痟
Shantou (Chenghai) 痟
Shantou (Chaoyang) 痟
Jieyang 痟
Haifeng 癲
Singapore (Teochew) 痟
Leizhou 痟神
Wenchang 發痟
Singapore (Hainanese) 發痟
Puxian Min Putian 痟
Xianyou 痟
Wu Shanghai 痴
Shanghai (Chongming) 痴
Danyang 瘋
Hangzhou 瘋
Wenzhou 癲
Jinhua 癲
Xiang Loudi 瘋

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (痴):
  • → Japanese: 痴(ち) (chi)
  • → Korean: 치(痴) (chi)
  • → Vietnamese: si (痴)

Compounds

  • 一片痴心
  • 似醉如痴
  • 半痴不顛 / 半痴不颠
  • 呢呢痴痴
  • 如痴似醉
  • 如痴如夢 / 如痴如梦
  • 如痴如狂
  • 如痴如迷
  • 如痴如醉 (rúchīrúzuì)
  • 如醉如痴 (rúzuìrúchī)
  • 妍皮痴骨
  • 嬌痴 / 娇痴
  • 小黠大痴
  • 情痴
  • 愚痴 (yúchī)
  • 懵懂痴呆
  • 撒嬌撒痴 / 撒娇撒痴
  • 撒風撒痴 / 撒风撒痴
  • 書痴 / 书痴
  • 獃痴 / 呆痴
  • 男痴
  • 痴人 (chīrén)
  • 痴人痴福
  • 痴人說夢 / 痴人说梦 (chīrénshuōmèng)
  • 痴倒
  • 痴傻
  • 痴兒 / 痴儿
  • 痴叔
  • 痴呆
  • 痴呆懵懂
  • 痴呆症
  • 痴姑娘
  • 痴姨
  • 痴子 (chīzi)
  • 痴子望天坍，窮人望民反 / 痴子望天坍，穷人望民反
  • 痴心 (chīxīn)
  • 痴心女子負心漢 / 痴心女子负心汉
  • 痴心妄想 (chīxīnwàngxiǎng)
  • 痴情 (chīqíng)
  • 痴想 (chīxiǎng)
  • 痴掙 / 痴挣
  • 痴搭搭
  • 痴漢 / 痴汉 (chīhàn)
  • 痴然如醉
  • 痴物
  • 痴狂 (chīkuáng)
  • 痴男怨女 (chīnányuànnǚ)
  • 痴痴
  • 痴福
  • 痴笑 (chīxiào)
  • 痴肥 (chīféi)
  • 痴蟲 / 痴虫
  • 痴迷 (chīmí)
  • 痴那
  • 痴鈍 / 痴钝
  • 痴長 / 痴长 (chīzhǎng)
  • 痴頑 / 痴顽
  • 痴頭怪腦 / 痴头怪脑
  • 痴騃 / 痴𫘤
  • 發痴 / 发痴
  • 白痴 (báichī)
  • 花痴 (huāchī)
  • 詅痴符 / 𰵚痴符
  • 貪夫痴客 / 贪夫痴客
  • 賣痴獃 / 卖痴呆
  • 音痴 (yīnchī)
  • 風痴 / 风痴 (fēngchī)
  • 墨痴

Japanese

Kanji

Shinjitai

痴

Kyūjitai

癡
痴

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 癡)

Readings

  • Go-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: ち (chi, Jōyō)
  • Kun: おこ (oko, 痴)←をこ (woko, 痴, historical)、しれる (shireru, 痴れる)←しれる (sireru, 痴れる, historical)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
痴
ち
Grade: S
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
癡 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 痴 (MC trhi). Compare modern Mandarin 痴 (chī).

The Buddhist sense is a translation of Sanskrit मोह (moha, “folly, ignorance”) or मूढ (mūḍha, “fool”).[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

痴(ち) • (chi) 

  1. foolishness, stupidity
  2. (Buddhism) ignorance, one of the three roots of the vice dharmas

Affix

痴(ち) • (chi) 

  1. foolish, stupid
  2. senseless, mad
  3. craze, obsession
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
痴
おこ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
癡 (kyūjitai)
烏滸
尾籠
嗚呼 (rare)

⟨woko2⟩ → */wəkə/ → /woko/ → /oko/

From Old Japanese.[1]

Pronunciation

Adjective

痴(おこ) • (oko) ←をこ (woko)?-na (adnominal 痴(おこ)な (oko na), adverbial 痴(おこ)に (oko ni))

  1. foolish, absurd
  2. indecent, indelicate
Usage notes

Historical sources[1][2] show that this term is more often used as an attributive noun, followed by possessive particle の (no) when used to modify another noun.

Inflection
Inflection of 痴
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 痴だろ おこだろ oko daro
Continuative (連用形) 痴で おこで oko de
Terminal (終止形) 痴だ おこだ oko da
Attributive (連体形) 痴な おこな oko na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 痴なら おこなら oko nara
Imperative (命令形) 痴であれ おこであれ oko de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 痴ではない
痴じゃない 		おこではない
おこじゃない 		oko de wa nai
oko ja nai
Informal past 痴だった おこだった oko datta
Informal negative past 痴ではなかった
痴じゃなかった 		おこではなかった
おこじゃなかった 		oko de wa nakatta
oko ja nakatta
Formal 痴です おこです oko desu
Formal negative 痴ではありません
痴じゃありません 		おこではありません
おこじゃありません 		oko de wa arimasen
oko ja arimasen
Formal past 痴でした おこでした oko deshita
Formal negative past 痴ではありませんでした
痴じゃありませんでした 		おこではありませんでした
おこじゃありませんでした 		oko de wa arimasen deshita
oko ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 痴で おこで oko de
Conditional 痴なら（ば） おこなら（ば） oko nara (ba)
Provisional 痴だったら おこだったら oko dattara
Volitional 痴だろう おこだろう oko darō
Adverbial 痴に おこに oko ni
Degree 痴さ おこさ okosa
Classical conjugation of "痴なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 痴なら をこなら woko nara
Continuative (連用形) 痴に[1]
痴なり[2]		 をこに
をこなり		 woko ni
woko nari
Terminal (終止形) 痴なり をこなり woko nari
Attributive (連体形) 痴なる をこなる woko naru
Realis (已然形) 痴なれ をこなれ woko nare
Imperative (命令形) 痴なれ をこなれ woko nare
Key constructions
Negative 痴ならず をこならず woko narazu
Contrasting conjunction 痴なれど をこなれど woko naredo
Causal conjunction 痴なれば をこなれば woko nareba
Conditional conjunction 痴ならば をこならば woko naraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 痴なりき をこなりき woko nariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 痴なりけり をこなりけり woko narikeri
Adverbial 痴に をこに woko ni
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.

Noun

痴(おこ) • (oko) ←をこ (woko)?

  1. foolishness, stupidity
  2. indecency, indelicateness
Derived terms
  • 痴(おこ)痴(おこ)し (okōkoshi)
  • 痴(おこ)がましい (okogamashii)
  • 痴(おこ)がる (okogaru)
  • 痴(おこ)絵(え) (okoe)
  • 痴(おこ)言(ごと) (okogoto)
  • 痴(おこ)付(づ)く (okozuku)
  • 尾(び)籠(ろう) (birō)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

痴 (eum 치 (chi))

  1. alternative form of 癡

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

痴: Hán Nôm readings: si, sy, se

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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