磡

磡	U+78E1, 磡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78E1

← 磠
[U+78E0]

CJK Unified Ideographs

磢 →
[U+78E2]

Translingual

Han character

磡 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一口廿女尸 (MRTVS), four-corner 1462₇, composition ⿰石勘)

cliff, ledge, bank
step

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 835, character 25
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24436
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2451, character 3
Unihan data for U+78E1

Chinese

trad.		磡
simp. ^#		磡
alternative forms		碪／砧

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
湛	ʔl'uːm, r'uːmʔ, *l'um
媅	*ʔl'uːm
黮	l̥ʰuːmʔ, l'uːmʔ
糂	*sluːmʔ
堪	*kʰluːm
戡	kʰluːm, ʔl'umʔ
嵁	kʰluːm, ŋɡluːm, ŋɡluːmʔ, sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm
歁	kʰluːmʔ, kʰluːb
勘	*kʰluːms
磡	*kʰuːms
墈	*kʰuːms
偡	*r'uːmʔ
碪	*ʔl'um
椹	*ʔl'um
揕	*ʔl'ums
踸	*l̥ʰumʔ
鍖	*l̥ʰumʔ
斟	*kljum
諶	*ɡljum
愖	*ɡljum
瘎	*ɡljum
煁	*ɡljum
甚	ɡljumʔ, ɡljums
葚	*ɦljumʔ

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka(ː)m (“lip; mouth; edge; bank”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007), whence Burmese ကမ်း (kam:, “bank of a river”), Mizo khâm (“precipice”). Cognate with 坎 (kǎn, “bank; ridge”), 嶔 (OC *kʰrɯm, “precipitous”) (Schuessler, 2007). See also 𠪚 (“precipitous; bank along fields”), 嵁 (OC *kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm, “cliff, bank, step”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kàn (kan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ham³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khàm

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kàn
  - Wade–Giles: kʻan⁴
  - Yale: kàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kann
  - Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ham³
  - Yale: ham
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ham³
  - Guangdong Romanization: hem³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khàm
  - Tâi-lô: khàm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qaxm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰam²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰam⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰam²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰam¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰam²¹/

Middle Chinese: khomH

Rime
Character	磡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦紺切
Baxter	khomH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəm^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒm^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəm^H/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀm^H/
Wang Li	/kʰɒm^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰăm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰuːms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	磡
Reading #	1/1
No.	11276
Phonetic component	甚
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	勘
Old Chinese	/*kʰuːms/
Notes	嵁分化字

Definitions

磡 (chiefly in toponyms)

Compounds

橫頭磡 / 横头磡 (Héngtóukàn)
紅磡 / 红磡 (Hóngkàn)

Japanese

Kanji

磡

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): かん (kan)、こん (kon)