肌

肌 U+808C, 肌
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-808C
← 肋
[U+808B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 肍 →
[U+808D]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

肌 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 月竹弓 (BHN), four-corner 77210, composition ⿰⺼几)

Derived characters

  • 𥬾

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 973, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29242
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1425, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2043, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+808C

Chinese

trad. 肌
simp. # 肌

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (几) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
肌 *kril
飢 *kril
机 *kril, *krilʔ
虮 *kril
几 *krilʔ
麂 *krilʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kril): semantic ⺼ + phonetic 几 (OC *krilʔ).

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-k-rəj (“skin”), and cognate with Burmese ရေ (re, “skin, hide”),[1] အကြေး (a.kre:, “scale of a fish”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 肌
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 脂 (15)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居夷切
Baxter kjij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kiɪ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ki/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kjɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ki/
Li
Rong 		/ki/
Wang
Li 		/ki/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ki/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gei1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 肌
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kij ›
Old
Chinese 		/*krə[j]/
English flesh

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 肌
Reading # 1/1
No. 5756
Phonetic
component 		几
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		飢
Old
Chinese 		/*kril/

Definitions

肌

  1. muscle; flesh
    腹肌  ―  fùjī  ―  abdominal muscle
    騷肌／骚肌 [Cantonese]  ―  sou1 gei1 [Jyutping]  ―  to show one's muscles
  2. (literary) skin

Compounds

References

  1. ^ Luce, G. H. (1981) “-I and -E Finals (87. Skin; Hide; Leather)”, in A Comparative Word-List of Old Burmese, Chinese and Tibetan‎[1], London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, →ISBN

Japanese

Kanji

肌

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: き (ki, 肌)
  • Kan-on: き (ki, 肌)
  • Kun: はだ (hada, 肌, Jōyō)、はだえ (hadae, 肌)←はだへ (fadafe, はだへ, historical)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
肌
はだ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
膚

/pada/ → /ɸada/ → /hada/.

From Old Japanese, Proto-Japonic *panta. First attested in the Man'yōshū, completed sometime around 759 CE.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

肌(はだ) • (hada) 

  1. human skin
    Synonyms: 皮膚 (hifu), はだえ (hadae)
    • 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki, page 80:
      連膚 下波太音普
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 898–901, Shinsen Jikyō, volume 1, page 44:
      脕[...] 波太奈女良介之
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, pages 195-196:
      Fada. ハダ (肌) Fadaye (膚)に同じ. 肉の表皮, または, 人間の身体の表面. Fadauo yurusu. (肌を許す) 油断する. Cocorouo yurusu (心を許す)と言う方がまさる. Fadato fadauo auasuru. (肌と肌を合はする) 男女が交合する. 時には, Fadauo auasuru (肌を合はする)と言うことがある. これは,結び合って親しい間柄の人々について言われるけれども, あまり使われもしないし, 本来の正しい言い方でもない.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. surface of an object
    木(き)の肌(はだ) ― ki no hada ― tree bark
  3. temperament, nature
    芸(げい)術(じゅつ)家(か)肌(はだ)
    geijutsuka-hada
    artistic temperament

References

  • Unknown (794) Yoshinori Kobayashi, editor, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (Kojisho Ongi Shūsei) (in Japanese), volume 1, Kyūko Shoin, published 1978, →ISBN.
  • Shōjū with Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (898–901) Shinsen Jikyō (Zōteiban) (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 15 December 1967, →ISBN.
  • Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
  1. ^ “肌・膚”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 肌 – see the following entry.
【はだえ】
[noun] skin
Alternative spelling
膚
(This term, 肌, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

肌 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)

  1. muscle tissue
  2. meat on bones

Vietnamese

Han character

肌: Hán Nôm readings: cơ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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