落第
Chinese
| to fall; to drop (behind); leave behind | (ordinal prefix); ‑th; rank | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (落第) | 落 | 第 | |
| simp. #(落第) | 落 | 第 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): lok6 dai6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lo̍k-thi
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lo̍k-tē
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin: luòdì
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ ㄉㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: luòdì
- Wade–Giles: lo4-ti4
- Yale: lwò-dì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luohdih
- Palladius: лоди (lodi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ti⁵¹/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 落地
落第
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: lok6 dai6
- Yale: lohk daih
- Cantonese Pinyin: lok9 dai6
- Guangdong Romanization: log6 dei6
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɔːk̚² tɐi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lo̍k-thi
- Hakka Romanization System: log ti
- Hagfa Pinyim: log6 ti4
- Sinological IPA: /lok̚⁵ tʰi⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍k-tē
- Tâi-lô: lo̍k-tē
- Phofsit Daibuun: logde
- IPA (Xiamen): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te²²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔk̚²⁴⁻² te⁴¹/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ te²²/
- IPA (Taipei): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² te³³/
- (Hokkien)
Verb
落第
- (archaic) to fail in an imperial examination
- (by extension) to fail an exam or test
- (Taiwanese Hokkien, Taiwanese Hakka) to repeat a grade in school
Synonyms
- (to fail in an imperial examination): 下第 (xiàdì)
- (to repeat a grade):
Dialectal synonyms of 留級 (“to repeat a grade”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 留級, 留班 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 蹲班 |
| Taiwan | 留級 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 留級 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 蹲班, 坐班 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 留級 |
| Wanrong | 留級 | |
| Xuzhou | 蹲級 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 留級, 踏級 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 留班, 留級 |
| Hong Kong | 留班, 㨆班 | |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 留級 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 落第 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 落第 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 落第 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 落第 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 落第 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 落第 | |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 坐班 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 降班 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 甪班 |
| Tainan | 落第 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 留級, 笪班 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 留級 |
| Suzhou | 留級 | |
| Hangzhou | 留級 | |
| Ningbo | 留級 | |
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 落 | 第 |
| らく Grade: 3 |
だい Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
落第 • (rakudai)
Antonyms
- 及第 (kyūdai)
See also
- 不合格 (fugōkaku)
Verb
落第する • (rakudai suru) suru (stem 落第し (rakudai shi), past 落第した (rakudai shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "落第する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 落第し | らくだいし | rakudai shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 落第し | らくだいし | rakudai shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 落第する | らくだいする | rakudai suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 落第する | らくだいする | rakudai suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 落第すれ | らくだいすれ | rakudai sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 落第せよ¹ 落第しろ² |
らくだいせよ¹ らくだいしろ² |
rakudai seyo¹ rakudai shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 落第される | らくだいされる | rakudai sareru | |
| Causative | 落第させる 落第さす |
らくだいさせる らくだいさす |
rakudai saseru rakudai sasu | |
| Potential | 落第できる | らくだいできる | rakudai dekiru | |
| Volitional | 落第しよう | らくだいしよう | rakudai shiyō | |
| Negative | 落第しない | らくだいしない | rakudai shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 落第せず | らくだいせず | rakudai sezu | |
| Formal | 落第します | らくだいします | rakudai shimasu | |
| Perfective | 落第した | らくだいした | rakudai shita | |
| Conjunctive | 落第して | らくだいして | rakudai shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 落第すれば | らくだいすれば | rakudai sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
Antonyms
- 及第する (kyūdai suru)
Derived terms
- 落第点 (rakudaiten)
- 落第生 (rakudaisei)