頑

See also: 顽

頑	U+9811, 頑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9811

← 預
[U+9810]

CJK Unified Ideographs

頒 →
[U+9812]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

頑 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+4, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一山一月金 (MUMBC), four-corner 1128₆, composition ⿰元頁)

Derived characters

㹕, 𤻆

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1401, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43374
Dae Jaweon: page 1917, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4359, character 8
Unihan data for U+9811

Chinese

trad.		頑
simp.		顽

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 頑
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (元) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
冠	kŋoːn, kŋoːns
莞	kŋoːn, ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ
脘	*ŋkoːnʔ
筦	*ŋkoːnʔ
梡	ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ
岏	*ŋoːn
刓	*ŋoːn
园	*ŋoːn
忨	ŋoːn, ŋoːns
蚖	ŋoːn, ŋon
黿	ŋoːn, ŋon
抏	*ŋoːn
玩	*ŋoːns
貦	*ŋoːns
翫	*ŋoːns
妧	*ŋoːns
完	*ɦŋoːn
捖	*ɦŋoːn
垸	ɦŋoːn, ɦŋoːns
綄	ɦŋoːn, ɦŋoːnʔ
院	ɦŋoːn, ɦŋons
皖	ɦŋoːnʔ, ɦŋroːnʔ
晥	*ɦŋoːnʔ
浣	*ɦŋoːnʔ
頑	ŋroːn, ŋroːn
睆	*ɦŋroːnʔ
鯇	*ɦŋroːnʔ
元	*ŋon
沅	*ŋon
芫	*ŋon
杬	*ŋon
邧	ŋon, ŋonʔ
阮	ŋon, ŋonʔ
俒	ɦŋuːn, ɦŋuːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn): phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) + semantic 頁 (“head”).

As 元 came to be used to mean “original”, rather than “head”, this character was formed from the original meaning of 元 (“head”) + the semantic element 頁／页 to affirm the “head” meaning, but with the modification in meaning to “an intransigent head”; the head of a heady person.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wán (wan²)

(Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): waan⁴
Gan (Wiktionary): uan⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngòan

(Hailu, HRS): nguan
Jin (Wiktionary): van¹
Northern Min (KCR): ngṳīng
Eastern Min (BUC): nguàng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nguang² / nguong²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): goân / oán

(Teochew, Peng'im): nguang⁵ / nguêng⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶woe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wán
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wán
  - Wade–Giles: wan²
  - Yale: wán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wan
  - Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: waan⁴
  - Yale: wàahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: waan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wan⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /waːn²¹/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: uan⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uan³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngòan
  - Hakka Romanization System: nguan^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: nguan²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯an¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: nguan
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋuan⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: van¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /væ̃¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngṳīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋyiŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nguàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuaŋ⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: nguang²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: nguáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuaŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: nguong²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuoŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân
  - Tâi-lô: guân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goaan
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡuan²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡuan¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡuan²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oán
  - Tâi-lô: uán
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oarn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /uan⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

goân - literary;
oán - vernacular (俗).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: nguang⁵ / nguêng⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nguâng / nguêng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/, /ŋueŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

nguang5 - Shantou;
nguêng5 - Chaozhou.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶woe
  - MiniDict: woe^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhuoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦuø²³/

Middle Chinese: ngwaen

Rime
Character	頑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	五還切
Baxter	ngwaen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠuan/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷᵚan/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋwaɨn/
Li Rong	/ŋuan/
Wang Li	/ŋwan/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋwan/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngaan⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋroːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	頑	頑
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16138	16139
Phonetic component	元	元
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime		𤸷
Old Chinese	/*ŋroːn/	/*ŋroːn/
Notes	宋跋本王韻吳鰥反

Definitions

頑

obstinate; stubborn; recalcitrant
頑抗／顽抗 ― wánkàng ― to stubbornly resist

頑強／顽强 ― wánqiáng ― staunch; tenacious
stupid; ignorant
頑昧／顽昧 ― wánmèi ― ignorant; benighted
- 之子畯明，我鈍而頑。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  之子畯明，我钝而顽。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Han Yu, 祭穆員外文 (In memory of Official Mu)
  Zhī zǐ jùnmíng, wǒ dùn ér wán. [Pinyin]
  He is bright, while I am obtuse and ignorant.
naughty; mischievous
頑皮／顽皮 ― wánpí ― naughty; mischievous

Compounds

不是頑的 / 不是顽的
冥頑 / 冥顽 (míngwán)
冥頑不靈 / 冥顽不灵 (míngwánbùlíng)
刁頑 / 刁顽 (diāowán)
哀感頑豔 / 哀感顽艳
大頑 / 大顽
奸頑
小頑 / 小顽
廉頑立懦 / 廉顽立懦
性潑凶頑 / 性泼凶顽
愚頑 / 愚顽 (yúwán)
憨頑 / 憨顽
振警愚頑 / 振警愚顽
撒頑 / 撒顽
殷頑
淘氣憨頑 / 淘气憨顽
痴頑 / 痴顽
老頑固 / 老顽固 (lǎowángù)
老頑童 / 老顽童 (lǎowántóng)
荒功好頑 / 荒功好顽
蔽賢寵頑 / 蔽贤宠顽
負嵎頑抗 / 负嵎顽抗 (fùyúwánkàng)
負隅頑抗 / 负隅顽抗 (fùyúwánkàng)
貪頑 / 贪顽
賴肉頑皮 / 赖肉顽皮
賴骨頑皮 / 赖骨顽皮
頑健 / 顽健
頑劣 / 顽劣 (wánliè)
頑固 / 顽固 (wángù)
頑廉懦立 / 顽廉懦立
頑強 / 顽强 (wánqiáng)
頑強不屈 / 顽强不屈
頑意兒 / 顽意儿
頑抗 / 顽抗 (wánkàng)
頑敵 / 顽敌 (wándí)
頑梗 / 顽梗 (wángěng)
頑民 / 顽民
頑涎 / 顽涎
頑症 / 顽症 (wánzhèng)
頑疾 / 顽疾 (wánjí)
頑癬 / 顽癣 (wánxuǎn)
頑皮 / 顽皮 (wánpí)
頑皮賴骨 / 顽皮赖骨
頑石 / 顽石 (wánshí)
頑石點頭 / 顽石点头
頑童 / 顽童 (wántóng)
頑笑 / 顽笑
頑耍 / 顽耍 (wánshuǎ)
頑蒙 / 顽蒙
頑話 / 顽话
頑軀 / 顽躯
頑逆 / 顽逆
頑鈍 / 顽钝 (wándùn)
頑鹵 / 顽卤

Japanese

Kanji

頑

(Jōyō kanji)

stubborn

Readings

Go-on: げん (gen)^{←げん (gen, historical)}^{←ぐゑん (gwen, ancient)}
Kan-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)^{←ぐわん (gwan, historical)}
Kun: かたい (katai, 頑い)、かたくな (katakuna, 頑)、かたくな (katakuna, 頑な)

Compounds

頑(がん)火(か)輝(き)石(せき) (ganka kiseki)
頑(がん)強(きょう) (gankyō)
頑(がん)愚(ぐ) (gangu)
頑(がん)健(けん) (ganken)
頑(がん)固(こ) (ganko)
頑(がん)硬(こう) (gankō)
頑(がん)擴(こう) (gankō)
頑(がん)剛(ごう) (gangō)
頑(がん)質(しつ) (ganshitsu)
頑(がん)丈(じょう) (ganjō)
頑(がん)是(ぜ) (ganze)
頑(がん)癬(せん) (gansen)
頑(がん)然(ぜん) (ganzen)
頑(がん)童(どう) (gandō)
頑(がん)鈍(どん) (gandon)
頑(がん)物(ぶつ) (ganbutsu)
頑(がん)僻(へき) (ganheki)
頑(がん)昧(まい) (ganmai)
頑(がん)民(みん) (ganmin)
頑(がん)迷(めい) (ganmei)
頑(がん)冥(めい) (ganmei)
頑(がん)蒙(もう) (ganmō)
頑(がん)陋(ろう) (ganrō)

Derived terms

頑(がん)張(ば)る (ganbaru)
頑(がん)張(ば)って (ganbatte)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
頑
かたくな Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 頑 – see the following entry.

【かたくな】

[adjective] stubborn

Alternative spelling
頑な

(This term, 頑, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

頑 • (wan) (hangeul 완, revised wan, McCune–Reischauer wan, Yale wan)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

頑: Hán Nôm readings: ngoan, ngoãn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.