駱駝

See also: 骆驼

Chinese

	phonetic
trad. (駱駝)	駱	駝
simp. (骆驼)	骆	驼
alternative forms	橐駝／橐驼馲駞／𱄽驼馲駝／𱄽驼駱駞／骆驼

Etymology

See 橐駝／橐驼 (tuótuó)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): luòtuo

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄛˋ ˙ㄊㄨㄛ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): no² to²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): луәтуә (luətuə, I-I) / луәтуә (luətuə, III-I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lok³ to⁴ / lok⁶ to⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lok² ho³
Gan (Wiktionary): 'loh⁶ to²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): lo̍k-thò

(Hailu, HRS): log^ˋ to

(Meixian, Guangdong): log⁶ to²
Jin (Wiktionary): le³ tue¹
Northern Min (KCR): lǒ̤-dǒ̤
Eastern Min (BUC): lŏk-dò̤
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): lorh⁷ dor²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lo̍k-tô

(Teochew, Peng'im): loh⁸ toh⁸
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁸loq-du₆ / ⁸loq-dou₂
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lo⁶ do²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: luòtuo
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˋ ˙ㄊㄨㄛ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: luòtuo̊
  - Wade–Giles: lo⁴-tʻo⁵
  - Yale: lwò-two
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luoh.tuo
  - Palladius: лото (loto)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu̯ɔ⁵¹ tʰu̯ɔ¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: no² to²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: loto
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /no²¹ tʰo²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: луәтуә (luətuə, I-I) / луәтуә (luətuə, III-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /luə²⁴ tʰuə²⁴/, /luə⁴⁴ tʰuə²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lok³ to⁴ / lok⁶ to⁴
  - Yale: lok tòh / lohk tòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lok⁸ to⁴ / lok⁹ to⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: log³ to⁴ / log⁶ to⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔːk̚³ tʰɔː²¹/, /lɔːk̚² tʰɔː²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lok² ho³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔk̚⁵⁵ hᵘɔ²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'loh⁶ to²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈlɔʔ⁵ tʰo²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lo̍k-thò
  - Hakka Romanization System: log to^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: log⁶ to²
  - Sinological IPA: /lok̚⁵ tʰo¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: log^ˋ to
  - Sinological IPA: /lok² tʰo⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: log⁶ to²
  - Sinological IPA: /lɔk̚⁵ tʰo¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: le³ tue¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /lɤ⁴⁵ tʰuɤ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lǒ̤-dǒ̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɔ²¹ tɔ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lŏk-dò̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ouʔ⁵⁻³³ to⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: lorh⁷ dor² [Phonetic: lorh⁶ dor²]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lo̤̍h-dó̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɒʔ⁴⁻²¹ tɒ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: lorh⁷ dor² [Phonetic: lorh⁶ dor²]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɒʔ⁴⁻² tɒ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lo̍k-tô
  - Tâi-lô: lo̍k-tô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: logdooi
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² to²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔk̚²⁴⁻² to²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ to¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² to²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔk̚⁴⁻³² tɤ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: loh⁸ toh⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lo̍h tho̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /loʔ⁴⁻² tʰoʔ⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸loq-du₆
  - MiniDict: loh^入 du^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵loq-du₃
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /loʔ¹¹ du²³/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁸loq-dou₂
  - MiniDict: loh^入 dou^平
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /loʔ²² dəu³³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: lo⁶ do²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lo²⁴ to¹³/

Middle Chinese: lak da

Rime
Character	駱	駝
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	盧各切	徒河切
Baxter	lak	da
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑk̚/	/dɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑk̚/	/dɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑk̚/	/dɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lak̚/	/da/
Li Rong	/lɑk̚/	/dɑ/
Wang Li	/lɑk̚/	/dɑ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lɑk̚/	/dʱɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	luò	tuó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lok⁶	to⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːɡ l'aːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	駱
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	luò
Middle Chinese	‹ lak ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁak/
English	white horse with black mane
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	駱	駝
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	3867	12214
Phonetic component	各	它
Rime group	鐸	歌
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	落	駝
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raːɡ/	/*l'aːl/

Noun

駱駝

camel (beast of burden) (Classifier: 匹 m; 隻／只 c mn)
(dialectal) camel cricket

Synonyms

(camel): (figurative) 沙漠之舟 (shāmò zhī zhōu)
(camel cricket):

Dialectal synonyms of 灶馬 (“camel cricket”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		灶馬
Central Plains Mandarin	Xuzhou	灶蟋蟀, 洋吱吱, 老掃婆
	Pizhou	掃老婆
	Lianyungang (Ganyu)	山草驢子
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	灶雞子, 拱背子
	Wuhan	灶蛐蛐
	Guiyang	灶蛐蛐
	Liuzhou	灶雞子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	灶巴雞, 蚱螞雞, 紅蟲, 牆駝子, 白米飯
	Yangzhou	灶雞子, 錢駝子
	Baoying	灶雞子
	Taizhou	錢駝子
	Zhenjiang	錢駝子
	Lianyungang	山草驢子
	Huai'an (Huaiyin)	錢駝子
	Xuyi	灶狗子
	Nantong	錢駝子
	Rugao	錢駝子
	Yancheng	灶雞子
	Funing	灶雞子
	Sihong	灶狗子
Gan	Nanchang	灶雞子, 灶蛐蛐
	Lichuan	灶雞
	Pingxiang	灶雞子
Hakka	Meixian	灶雞仔
Hakka	Yudu	灶雞子
Huizhou	Jixi	灶公雞
Northern Min	Jian'ou	灶雞
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	灶雞
Southern Min	Xiamen	灶雞
	Quanzhou	灶雞
	Jinjiang	灶雞
	Zhangzhou	灶雞
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	灶雞, 卒卒
Wu	Shanghai	灶蟣, 灶壁蟣
	Suzhou	駱駝
	Wuxi	駱駝
	Changshu	駱駝
	Nantong (Haimen)	駱駝
	Changzhou	駱駝蟲
	Danyang	灶雞雞, 駱駝蟲
	Nanjing (Gaochun)	跳菊子
	Hangzhou	灶壁雞
	Ningbo	灶雞
	Jinhua	灶雞
Xiang	Changsha	灶蛐蛐
Xiang	Loudi	灶雞子

Derived terms

單峰駱駝 / 单峰骆驼 (dānfēng luòtuo)
壓倒駱駝的最後一根草 / 压倒骆驼的最后一根草 (yādǎo luòtuo de zuìhòu yī gēn cǎo)
拉駱駝 / 拉骆驼
瘦死的駱駝比馬大 / 瘦死的骆驼比马大 (shòu sǐ de luòtuo bǐ mǎ dà)
羊群裡跑出駱駝來 / 羊群里跑出骆驼来
雙峰駱駝 / 双峰骆驼 (shuāngfēng luòtuo)
駱駝絨 / 骆驼绒

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (駱駝):

→ Japanese: 駱(らく)駝(だ) (rakuda)
→ Korean: 락타(駱駝) (rakta), 낙타(駱駝) (nakta)
→ Vietnamese: lạc đà (駱駝)

Others:

→ Bouyei: loftof
→? Middle Korean: 약〯대〮 (yǎktáy, “camel”)
- Korean: 약대 (yakdae, “camel”) (archaic)
→ Thai: โลโต (loo-dtoo)
→ Zhuang: lozdoz

Japanese

Kanji in this term
駱	駝
らく Hyōgai	だ Hyōgai
goon

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 駱駝 (MC lak da).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) らくだ [ràkúdá] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [ɾa̠kɯ̟da̠]

Noun

駱(らく)駝(だ) or 駱駝(ラクダ) • (rakuda)

a camel (beast of burden)
- 1985, Haruki Murakami, 世界の終りとハードボイルド・ワンダーランド [Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World], page 12:
  
  ラクダを三(さん)頭(とう)と中(ちゅう)型(がた)のやしの木(き)を一(いっ)本(ぽん)入(い)れることだってできるかもしれない。
  Rakuda o santō to chūgata no yashi no ki o ippon ireru koto datte dekiru ka mo shirenai.
  You might even be able to put in a mid-size palm tree and three camels.

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
駱	駝

Noun

駱駝 • (rakta) (hangeul 락타)

hanja form^? of 락타 (“(North Korea) camel”)

Noun

駱駝 • (nakta) (hangeul 낙타)

hanja form^? of 낙타 (“(South Korea) camel”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
駱	駝

Noun

駱駝

chữ Hán form of lạc đà (“camelid”)

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

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