-ір

• -ыр (-yr)

From Proto-Turkic *-tur.

-ір • (-ır)

1. Used to form causative verbs.

   Synonyms: -іт (-ıt), -гіз (-gız), -із (-ız), -тір (-tır), -дір (-dır)

• All the causative suffixes are synonymous and carry the same meaning, but the usage is irregular and it's not possible to know which one should be used. The only rule is that -т (-t) is always used after a vowel. Often verbs may have a few synonymous causatives formed by different suffixes:

  жаз- (jaz-, “to write”) + -ғыз (-ğyz) > жазғыз- (jazğyz-, “to make someone write”)

  жаз- (jaz-, “to write”) + -дыр (-dyr) > жаздыр- (jazdyr-, “to make someone write”)

• And it is also possible to attach multiple suffixes, either forming a new meaning or just keeping the same one:

  оқы- (oqy-, “to read”) + -т (-t) -қыз (-qyz) > оқытқыз- (oqytqyz-, “to make someone read”)

  өл- (öl-, “to die”) + -тір (-tır) > өлтір- (öltır-, “to kill”) + -т (-t) > өлтірт- (öltırt-, “to make someone kill”)