Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/-tur

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

preceding vowel
A / Ï / O / U	E / I / Ö / Ü
*-tur	*-tür

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

*-t

Suffix

*-tur

Suffix creating transitive verbs.
‎*kül- (“to laugh”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*kültür- (“to make someone laugh”)

‎*öl- (“to die”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*öltür- (“to make someone die, to kill”)
Suffix creating causative verbs.
‎*yạŕ- (“to write”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*yạŕtur- (“to cause to write”)

Synonyms: *-ür, *-gur

Usage notes

If the verb has more than one syllable, it takes the form -Ut.
‎*okï- (“to read”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*okït- (“to make someone read, to instruct something or someone”)

‎*öltür- (“to kill”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*öltürt- (“to get someone killed”)
However, if it is added to a verb that has already taken the -Ut form, it does not take the -Ut form a second time, it takes the -tUr form.
‎*okït- (“to instruct something or someone”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*okïttur- (“to cause to instruct something or someone”)

‎*öltürt- (“to get someone killed”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*öltürttür- (“to cause to get someone killed”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: -тер (-ter), -тар (-tar)
Common Turkic:

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: ـدر (-dur, -dür)
  - Azerbaijani: -dır, -dir, -dur, -dür
  - Gagauz: -tır, -tir, -tur, -tür, -dır, -dir, -dur, -dür
  - Ottoman Turkish: ـدر (-dir, -dır, -dür, -dur)
    - Turkish: -tır, -tir, -tur, -tür, -dır, -dir, -dur, -dür
Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: -тыр (-tyr), -тір (-tır), -дыр (-dyr), -дір (-dır)
- Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: -тыр (-tır), -тир (-tir), -тур (-tur), -түр (-tür), -дыр (-dır), -дир (-dir), -дур (-dur), -дүр (-dür)
    - Southern Altai: -тыр (-tïr), -тир (-tir), -тур (-tur), -тӱр (-tür), -дыр (-dïr), -дир (-dir), -дур (-dur), -дӱр (-dür)
Karluk
- Chagatai: ـتور (-tur, -tür), ـدور (-dur, dür)
  - Uzbek: -dir, -tir
Siberian:
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: -тар (-tar), -тэр (-ter), -тор (-tor), -төр (-tör), -дар (-dar), -дэр (-der), -дор (-dor), -дөр (-dör), -нар (-nar), -нэр (-ner), -нор (-nor), -нөр (-nör), -лар (-lar), -лэр (-ler), -лор (-lor), -лөр (-lör)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

*-tur

(Oghur) Suffix forming third-person singular imperative.
Synonym: *-zün

‎*bōl- (“to be”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*boltur (“Let it be; Amen!”)

‎*kẹl- (“to come”) + ‎*-tur → ‎*kẹltür (“Let it come.”)

Descendants

Oghur:
- Volga Bulgar: -طُرْ (-tur)
  - Chuvash: -тӑр (-tăr), -тӗр (-tĕr)