Bakhmut
English
Alternative forms
Etymology
Borrowed from Ukrainian Бахму́т (Baxmút). Named after the nearby Bakhmutka River (aka Bakhmut River), the name of which apparently derives from the word Ukrainian бахма́т (baxmát, “pony; war-horse, pack-horse”) (cf. Russian бахма́т (baxmát) and Polish bachmat), from a Turkic language.[1] Regarding the word бахмат (baxmat) (and its Russian and Polish cognates), linguists offer the following hypotheses:
- It is considered a borrowing from a Turkic (Crimean Tatar, or rather Nogai) language paχn at, in which it is explained (according to Lokotsch[2] and Miklosich,[3] for example) as a compound word formed from Persian پهن (pahn, “wide, broad”) (cf. Ottoman Turkish پهن (pehn)) + at (“horse”) of Common Turkic origin (cf. Nogai at, Crimean Tatar at).[4] Vasmer considers this highly unlikely.[5]
- Menges derives it from a Turkic form of the name Mähmäd ("Mohammed")[6] (cf. Old East Slavic Бохмитъ (Boxmitŭ, “Магомет/Magomet”).[7]
Presumably related place names: Бахматівці, Bachmatówka, Bachmackie Kolonie, Bahmut.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bɑxˈmut/, /bɑkˈmut/
Proper noun
Bakhmut
- A city, the administrative centre of Bakhmut Raion, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine.
- 2022 November 22, Lorenzo Tondo, “Ukraine’s security service raids Russian-backed monastery in Kyiv”, in The Guardian[2]:
- Moscow also appeared to be building up forces and increasing its military efforts on the eastern Donbas front around the key town of Bakhmut.
- A raion of Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine.
- The 2022 Battle of Bakhmut, which occurred around the city during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Synonyms
city
- Artemivsk (“former name from Ukrainian”) (1924-2016)
- Artyomovsk (“former name from Russian”) (1924-1992, Russian usage)
raion
- Bakhmut District
- Bakhmut Raion
- District of Bakhmut
- Raion of Bakhmut
Translations
city
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See also
References
- ^ Rudnyc'kyj, Ja. (1962–1972) “бахмат”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 1 (А – Ґ), Winnipeg: Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences, →LCCN, page 89
- ^ Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 128, pages 11-12
- ^ Miklosich, Fr. (1886) Etymologisches Worterbuch der slavischen Sprachen[1], Wien: Wien W. Braumüller, page 414
- ^ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “бахмат”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- ^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “бахмат”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- ^ Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “бахмат”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- ^ Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “бахмат”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Further reading
- Rudnyc'kyj, Ja. (1962–1972) “бахмат”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language, volumes 1 (А – Ґ), Winnipeg: Ukrainian Free Academy of Sciences, →LCCN, page 89
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “бахмат”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 128, pages 11-12
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “бахмат”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: ProgressVasmer, Max (1964–1973) “бахмат”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress