Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/dinīti
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suckle, nurse”), see also Latin fellō (“suck”), Old Church Slavonic доити (doiti, “to suckle”), Sanskrit धयति (dháyati, “he sucks, drinks”).
Verb
*dinīti[1]
- to suck
Declension
The original conjugation, which was more like *balnīti, was analogically converted to a -na- conjugation later.[2]
| Nasal-infix athematic present with stem ablaut to an h₁-final root, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *dinīmi | *dinamam | ? | *dida |
| 2nd singular | *dinīsi | *dinatās | ? | *didas? |
| 3rd singular | *dinīti | *dinato | ? | *dide |
| 1st plural | *dinamosi | *dinamo | ? | *didmo |
| 2nd plural | *dinatesi | *dinastē | ? | *disse |
| 3rd plural | *dinenti | *dinanto | ? | *didars |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | ? | *dinī | |
| 3rd singular | ? | ? | *dinītou | |
| 1st plural | ? | ? | *dinamos | |
| 2nd plural | ? | ? | *dinate | |
| 3rd plural | ? | ? | *dinentou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *dinīr | — | ? | *didra |
| 2nd singular | *dinītar | — | ? | *didras? |
| 3rd singular | *dinītor | ? | ? | *didre |
| 1st plural | *dinammor | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd plural | *dinadwe | — | ? | ? |
| 3rd plural | *dinentor | ? | ? | ? |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | ? | — | — | |
| 1st plural | ? | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | ? | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | ? | — | — | |
| Declension of the present participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dinonts | *dinonte | *dinontes |
| vocative | *dinonts | *dinonte | *dinontes |
| accusative | *dinontam | *dinonte | *dinontans |
| genitive | *dinantos | *? | *dinantom |
| dative | *dinantei | *dinantbom | *dinantbos |
| instrumental | *dinantī? | *dinantbim | *dinantbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dinantī | *dinantī | *dinantiyās |
| vocative | *dinantī | *dinantī | *dinantiyās |
| accusative | *dinantīm | *dinantī | *dinantiyans |
| genitive | *dinantyās | *? | *dinantyom |
| dative | *dinantyāi | *dinantyābom | *dinantyābos |
| instrumental | *? | *dinantyābim | *dinantyābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dinont | *? | *dinonta |
| vocative | *dinont | *? | *dinonta |
| accusative | *dinont | *? | *dinonta |
| genitive | *dinantos | *? | *dinantom |
| dative | *dinantei | *? | *dinantbos |
| instrumental | *dinantī? | *? | *dinantbis |
| Declension of the middle participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dinamnos | *dinamnou | *dinamnoi |
| vocative | *dinamne | *dinamnou | *dinamnoi |
| accusative | *dinamnom | *dinamnou | *dinamnons |
| genitive | *dinamnī | *dinamnous | *dinamnom |
| dative | *dinamnūi | *dinamnobom | *dinamnobos |
| instrumental | *dinamnū | *dinamnobim | *dinamnobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dinamnā | *dinamnai | *dinamnās |
| vocative | *dinamnā | *dinamnai | *dinamnās |
| accusative | *dinamnam | *dinamnai | *dinamnans |
| genitive | *dinamnās | *dinamnous | *dinamnom |
| dative | *dinamnai | *dinamnābom | *dinamnābos |
| instrumental | *? | *dinamnābim | *dinamnābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *dinamnom | *dinamnou | *dinamnā |
| vocative | *dinamnom | *dinamnou | *dinamnā |
| accusative | *dinamnom | *dinamnou | *dinamnā |
| genitive | *dinamnī | *dinamnous | *dinamnom |
| dative | *dinamnūi | *dinamnobom | *dinamnobos |
| instrumental | *dinamnū | *dinamnobim | *dinamnobis |
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *denad
- Old Irish: denaid
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*di-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 99
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 274