Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/krokkenom

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/krokeno-

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Unknown, possibly a substrate word due to the irregular phonetic shape.^[1] Possibly related to Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back, ridge”), but this root is itself of uncertain origin.^[2]

Noun

*krokkenom n

skin
Synonyms: *kennos, *knissos

Inflection

Neuter o-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*krokkenom	*krokkenou	*krokkenā
vocative	*krokkenom	*krokkenou	*krokkenā
accusative	*krokkenom	*krokkenou	*krokkenā
genitive	*krokkenī	*krokkenous	*krokkenom
dative	*krokkenūi	*krokkenobom	*krokkenobos
locative	*krokkenei	*?	*?
instrumental	*krokkenū	*krokkenobim	*krokkenūis

Reconstruction notes

Reconstructing neuter gender hinges entirely on Middle Irish croicni in the nominative plural.
This word was phonetically unstable across Celtic. Welsh and Old Cornish show a coexisting form *kroknom and Gaulish has replaced the ending with -īnā.
Fortson contemplates the possibility that *kroknom appearing in Welsh and Old Cornish was the original form and that the -kenn- elsewhere was inserted under the influence of synonymous *kennos.^[3]

Descendants

Proto-Brythonic: *kroxen, *kroɨn
- Middle Breton: crohenn, crohen, crochen
  - Breton: kroc'hen
- Old Cornish: croin
  - Middle Cornish: crohen, croen
    - Cornish: kroghen
- Middle Welsh: croen
  - Welsh: croen
Old Irish: crocenn
- Middle Irish: croicenn
  - Irish: craiceann
  - Manx: crackan
  - Scottish Gaelic: craiceann
Gaulish: *crocīnā
- → Latin: crocīna (“mastruca-like skin-made garment”)

References

^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*krok(ke)no-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 226
^ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “craicionn”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[1], Stirling, →ISBN
^ Fortson IV, Benjamin W. (15 July 2010) “On ‘double-nasal’ presents in Celtic and Indo-European and a new Irish sound law”, in Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie, volume 57, number 2010, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →DOI, →ISSN, page 59

[1] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*krok(ke)no-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 226

[2] MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “craicionn”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎^[1], Stirling, →ISBN

[Fortson-3] Fortson IV, Benjamin W. (15 July 2010) “On ‘double-nasal’ presents in Celtic and Indo-European and a new Irish sound law”, in Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie, volume 57, number 2010, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →DOI, →ISSN, page 59

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