crocenn
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *krokkenom (“skin”), probably loaned from a non-Indo-European substrate language.[1] However, compare Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“ridge, back, spine”) and German Krug.[2]
Cognate with Breton kroc'hen, Cornish kroghen; Welsh croen (< *kroknom).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkrokən͈/
Noun
crocenn n (genitive crocainn)
Inflection
Although neuter gender is not declared by DIL, it can be deduced from the following evidence:
- The nominative plural appears in Middle Irish as croicni (and also as masculine o-stem croicind). Such o-stem declension with a nominative plural ending with a vowel can only reflect a neuter o-stem, which had alternative nominative plurals in -(e)a in Old Irish; Middle Irish merged all final vowels to schwa, resulting in various interchangeable and non-etymological spellings of endings pronounced with schwa.
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | crocennN | crocennN | crocennL, croicneaL |
| vocative | crocennN | crocennN | crocennL, croicneaL |
| accusative | crocennN | crocennN | crocennL, croicneaL |
| genitive | crocainnL | crocenn | crocennN |
| dative | crocunnL | croicnib | croicnib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
- H = triggers aspiration
- L = triggers lenition
- N = triggers nasalization
Descendants
Mutation
| radical | lenition | nasalization |
|---|---|---|
| crocenn | chrocenn | crocenn pronounced with /ɡ-/ |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “krok(ke)no-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 226
- ^ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “crocenn”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language[1], Stirling, →ISBN, page craicionn