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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₃lem-. Cognate with Lithuanian lémti.
Verb
*lamyeti[1]
- to dare
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*lamyū
|
*lamyemam
|
*lilmasū
|
*lāma
|
| 2nd singular
|
*lamyesi
|
*lamyetās
|
*lilmasesi
|
*lāmas?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*lamyeti
|
*lamyeto
|
*lilmaseti
|
*lāme
|
| 1st plural
|
*lamyomosi
|
*lamyemo
|
*lilmasomosi
|
*lāmmo
|
| 2nd plural
|
*lamyetesi
|
*lamyestē
|
*lilmasetesi
|
*lānte
|
| 3rd plural
|
*lamyonti
|
*lamyento
|
*lilmasonti
|
*lāmars
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*lamasū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*lamasesi
|
?
|
*lamye
|
| 3rd singular
|
*lamaseti
|
?
|
*lamyetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*lamasomosi
|
?
|
*lamyomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*lamasetesi
|
?
|
*lamyete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*lamasonti
|
?
|
*lamyontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*lamyūr
|
—
|
*lilmasūr
|
*lāmra
|
| 2nd singular
|
*lamyetar
|
—
|
*lilmasetar
|
*lāmras?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*lamyetor
|
?
|
*lilmasetor
|
*lāmre
|
| 1st plural
|
*lamyommor
|
—
|
*lilmasommor
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*lamyedwe
|
—
|
*lilmasedwe
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*lamyontor
|
?
|
*lilmasontor
|
?
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*lamasūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*lamasetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*lamasetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*lamasommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*lamasedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*lamasontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*lamyonts
|
*lamyonte
|
*lamyontes
|
| vocative
|
*lamyonts
|
*lamyonte
|
*lamyontes
|
| accusative
|
*lamyontam
|
*lamyonte
|
*lamyontans
|
| genitive
|
*lamyantos
|
*?
|
*lamyantom
|
| dative
|
*lamyantei
|
*lamyantbom
|
*lamyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*lamyantī?
|
*lamyantbim
|
*lamyantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*lamyantī
|
*lamyantī
|
*lamyantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*lamyantī
|
*lamyantī
|
*lamyantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*lamyantīm
|
*lamyantī
|
*lamyantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*lamyantyās
|
*?
|
*lamyantyom
|
| dative
|
*lamyantyāi
|
*lamyantyābom
|
*lamyantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*lamyantyābim
|
*lamyantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*lamyont
|
*?
|
*lamyonta
|
| vocative
|
*lamyont
|
*?
|
*lamyonta
|
| accusative
|
*lamyont
|
*?
|
*lamyonta
|
| genitive
|
*lamyantos
|
*?
|
*lamyantom
|
| dative
|
*lamyantei
|
*?
|
*lamyantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*lamyantī?
|
*?
|
*lamyantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*lamyomnos
|
*lamyomnou
|
*lamyomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*lamyomne
|
*lamyomnou
|
*lamyomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*lamyomnom
|
*lamyomnou
|
*lamyomnons
|
| genitive
|
*lamyomnī
|
*lamyomnous
|
*lamyomnom
|
| dative
|
*lamyomnūi
|
*lamyomnobom
|
*lamyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*lamyomnū
|
*lamyomnobim
|
*lamyomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*lamyomnā
|
*lamyomnai
|
*lamyomnās
|
| vocative
|
*lamyomnā
|
*lamyomnai
|
*lamyomnās
|
| accusative
|
*lamyomnam
|
*lamyomnai
|
*lamyomnans
|
| genitive
|
*lamyomnās
|
*lamyomnous
|
*lamyomnom
|
| dative
|
*lamyomnai
|
*lamyomnābom
|
*lamyomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*lamyomnābim
|
*lamyomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*lamyomnom
|
*lamyomnou
|
*lamyomnā
|
| vocative
|
*lamyomnom
|
*lamyomnou
|
*lamyomnā
|
| accusative
|
*lamyomnom
|
*lamyomnou
|
*lamyomnā
|
| genitive
|
*lamyomnī
|
*lamyomnous
|
*lamyomnom
|
| dative
|
*lamyomnūi
|
*lamyomnobom
|
*lamyomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*lamyomnū
|
*lamyomnobim
|
*lamyomnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*lantos
|
*lantou
|
*lantoi
|
| vocative
|
*lante
|
*lantou
|
*lantoi
|
| accusative
|
*lantom
|
*lantou
|
*lantons
|
| genitive
|
*lantī
|
*lantous
|
*lantom
|
| dative
|
*lantūi
|
*lantobom
|
*lantobos
|
| instrumental
|
*lantū
|
*lantobim
|
*lantobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*lantā
|
*lantai
|
*lantās
|
| vocative
|
*lantā
|
*lantai
|
*lantās
|
| accusative
|
*lantam
|
*lantai
|
*lantans
|
| genitive
|
*lantās
|
*lantous
|
*lantom
|
| dative
|
*lantai
|
*lantābom
|
*lantābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*lantābim
|
*lantābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*lantom
|
*lantou
|
*lantā
|
| vocative
|
*lantom
|
*lantou
|
*lantā
|
| accusative
|
*lantom
|
*lantou
|
*lantā
|
| genitive
|
*lantī
|
*lantous
|
*lantom
|
| dative
|
*lantūi
|
*lantobom
|
*lantobos
|
| instrumental
|
*lantū
|
*lantobim
|
*lantobis
|
Descendants
- ⇒ Proto-Brythonic:
- Middle Breton: lafuaez
- Middle Cornish: lauasos
- Middle Welsh: llafasu
- Old Irish: ro·laimethar
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*lam-yo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 232